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Textile industrial effluent contains recalcitrant dyes which are becoming a serious threat for environment. Bioremediation is becoming an emerging technique to control pollution in effluent treatment. The extensive information has been provided within this review about the pollution being caused in the environment and water bodies by textile industrial effluents primarily consisting of recalcitrant dyes. Therefore, for the remediation of textile industrial effluents, the most efficient technologies/techniques have been discussed. Strategies to control these hazardous pollutants include physical, chemical, biological and electrochemical methods. In textile industry, synthetic dyes are being used and highly concentrated wastewater is discharged as the fabrics absorbs the dyes in a very less quantity. These colored compounds have detrimental effects on the environment including human heath, aquatic life and plants due to the reduced penetration of light, oxygen consumption and toxic heavy metals present in the synthetic dyes.

Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) is the Gram-positive strain which is one of the major causes of laboratory acquired infections. Infections caused by staphylococcus strains are becoming more demanding to treat because many of the strains are resistant to the antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of isolates of S. epidermidis which had been isolated from the microbiology laboratory of Lahore Garrison University, Lahore. Antibiotic Sensitivity against many antibiotics such as TPZ (tazobactum), ME (methicillin), CX (cefoxitin), P (penicillin), CTX (Cefotaxime), CEP (Cefepime) was determined for the identification of the most effective antibiotics against the infectious strains of S. epidermidis and zone of inhibition was measured. The results showed that out of 10 isolates, all the isolates were resistant against ME, while 9 of them were susceptible against TPZ. A remarkable difference was observed in the susceptibility pattern of S. epidermidis against TPZ rather than that of ME. Therefore, TPZ was the most effective antibiotic against the S. epidermidis infections which can be used to treat the infections. According to the present situation, the rampant use of antibiotics shouldbe prevented; otherwise it would become an uncontrollable problem to tackle these super bugs in near future.

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