Salt production in Zapotitlán de las Salinas (Puebla, Mexico) dates back to pre-Hispanic times when the Popolocas inhabiting the Tehuacán Valley paid it as tribute to the Aztecs. The technique to obtain salt has changed little over the past 500 years and know-how continues to be transmitted from generation to generation of salters (salineros). It is a resource that is deeply anchored in the identity of the inhabitants of Zapotitlán and regional cuisine. Salt has endured over the centuries as a perennial resource and constitutes a source of income for its owners. However, despite these historical and cultural factors of territorial anchorage, salters have not attained the level of organization necessary to obtain a fair value in the market. Failure to appreciate this product has led to the abandonment of a large percentage of the saltworks that once existed. This essay will analyze the socio-economic and cultural constraints that have prevented this community from attaining the level of territorial governance necessary to enhance the market value of Zapotitlán salt on the market but how, with the depletion of other economic options, its people are returning to the salt, with new strategies. Lastly, the paper will conclude with a consideration of its future potential. KEYWORDS: LAFS; salters; territorial governance; community assets; migrants; rural tourism. RESUMEN:Herencia cultural y alimento identitario: la sal prehispánica de Zapotitlán Salinas, México.-La producción de sal de Zapotitlán de las Salinas (Puebla, México) se remonta a épocas prehispánicas cuando los popolocas, moradores del valle de Tehuacán, lo tributaban a los aztecas. La técnica para la obtención de la sal ha cambiado poco desde hace 500 años y el saber-hacer se sigue transmitiendo entre las generaciones de salineros. Es un recurso profundamente anclado en la identidad de los habitantes de Zapotitlán y en la gastronomía regional. Su existencia ha perdurado en el transcurso de los siglos por ser un recurso perenne y constituir una renta para sus dueños. Sin embargo, a pesar de los factores históricos y culturales de anclaje territorial, los salineros no han logrado el nivel de organización necesaria para su puesta en valor en los mercados. Esta pobre valorización del producto ha llevado al abandono de una gran parte de las salinas alguna vez existentes. Este artículo analizará los condicionantes socioeconómicos y culturales que han impedido alcanzar un grado de gobernanza territorial necesario para la puesta en valor de la sal de Zapotitlán pero como, ante el agotamiento de otras opciones económicas, se está regresando a la sal, bajo nuevos esquemas; terminará con una reflexión sobre sus potencialidades en el futuro.
Mexico City is the world's fourth largest metropolis with more than 20 million inhabitants. Due to its integration with a global world, the dietary habits of its population have undergone significant transformations, which include an increased consumption of industrialized products. At the same time, there is a growing interest in local food consumption, linked to aspects such as health, the environment and cultural identity. One of the most consumed traditional foods in central Mexico is slow-cooked lamb (barbacoa de borrego), a dish prepared with the Mayan 'pib' cooking method, which consists of using an earthen oven in which the animal is placed, wrapped in maguey cactus leaves and cooked throughout an entire night. Texcoco is a small city 40 kilometres outside of Mexico City whose fame for preparing barbacoa attracts thousands of visitors every weekend. The purpose of this work is to analyse the role that personal identity and free time play in the reproduction of heritage cuisine in contemporary societies. It concludes that tourism practices enable the continuity of certain local foods, reinterpreted in the light of urban consumption.
ResumenCon el objetivo de analizar la relación entre turismo culinario y patrimonio histórico se desarrolló un estudio de caso con enfoque cualitativo, que aborda el análisis de una comunidad productora de una sal milenaria en el centro de México. Las categorías de análisis fueron los actores sociales, el producto alimentario y el territorio. Los resultados muestran que la actividad turística presenta efectos ambivalentes hacia la reproducción social de un bien patrimonial alimentario con fuertes vínculos históricos. Se concluye que es necesaria una revisión de los retos y oportunidades que enfrenta el campo mexicano frente a la inserción del turismo rural como una estrategia de desarrollo.Palabras Clave: turismo culinario; patrimonio histórico; alimentos emblemáticos; desarrollo local. AbstractWith the purpose of analysing the relationship between culinary tourism and historical heritage, a case study was developed taking a qualitative approach, which deals with the analysis of a community that produces millenary salt in central Mexico. The categories of analysis were the social actors, the food product and the territory. The results show that the tourist activity presents ambivalent effects towards the social reproduction of the historical-culinary heritage with strong territorial ties. It is concluded that a review of the challenges and opportunities facing the Mexican countryside is necessary, as regards the insertion of rural tourism as a development strategy.Keywords: culinary tourism, historical heritage, emblematic foods, local development. ResumoA fim de analisar a relação entre turismo e património gastronómico, neste artigo apresenta-se um estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa, no qual se analisa uma comunidade produtora de sal, milenar, no centro do México. As categorias de análise foram os atores sociais, o produto alimentar e o território. Os resultados mostram que o turismo tem efeitos ambivalentes na reprodução social de um bem patrimonial alimentar com fortes vínculos históricos. Conclui-se que é necessária uma revisão dos desafios e oportunidades que o México enfrenta face à opção do turismo rural como estratégia de desenvolvimento.Palavras-chave: turismo culinário, património histórico, alimentos icónicos, desenvolvimento local.
La proyección de las regiones vitivinícolas, a nivel internacional, ha tenido como componente destacado la apertura de las bodegas a actividades turísticas. En la literatura se han analizado las implicaciones económicas, socioculturales y territoriales del turismo enológico, con lo que se ha consolidado un campo de estudios sobre un fenómeno en constante crecimiento. En México el enoturismo ha recibido poca atención a nivel académico y operativo aunque, recientemente, se observan esfuerzos de empresas privadas y gobiernos locales por impulsar el desarrollo de las regiones enológicas, a través de la implementación de rutas del vino. El objetivo del presente documento consiste en analizar el estado del conocimiento del enoturismo en México, a través de una revisión de las principales aportaciones académicas y de los principales casos de rutas enológicas.
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