Schizophrenia typically has age of onset during late adolescence or early adulthood; yet, several patients manifest symptoms for the first time in middle or old age. These patients with late (older than 40 years) or very-late-onset schizophrenia (older than 60 years) have similar characteristics to those with early-onset schizophrenia regarding psychopathology, family history, cognitive deficits, non-specific brain imaging abnormalities, course of illness and treatment response. During the 20’th century, schizophrenic symptoms that onset after 40's are defined as “late onset schizophrenia”, “late parafreni”, “very late onset schizophrenia” or late psychoses. In those days neither ICD-10 nor DSM-IV had no separate codeable diagnoses for late-onset schizophrenia and there is no age restriction. Our patient was 70 years old woman, who was living with her sister came to psychiatric outpatient clinic with the symptoms of paranoid persecutory delusion and delusion of reference, diagnosed as a “paranoid schizophrenia” according to DSM- IV criterias. She administered paliperidone and neuroimaging and laboratory tests, neuropsychological assessments were done in the inpatient unit. A new classification would be more appropriate for such late onset schizophrenia cases which differentiate by the clinical features etiology, treatment and prognosis in DSM-V.

Measuring the pH is very important to reveal the possible health problem risks of pets with early diagnosis, to enhance their quality of life and prevent negative effects on their health. However, measuring the pH level of cats and dogs urine’s is very painful and stressful process,especially during their birth duration. Accordingly, to support parents and veterinarians in this urine collection process, ‘pH Measuring pad for underpad’ project is studied. Using this ped will be quick, painless and guiding method. In addtion to these, environmental pollution which is known by all over the world is increasing. In order to prevent this pollution, several projects has been studied in this issue and also, all raw materials have been selected as be bio-based. In this newly studies under pad project, when animal health is considered, raw materials selection is made on the basis of protecting the nature. The product which contains special indicator emphasizes the innovative aspect of the project by perforemin health checks for pets. The raw materials which use in this project is selected from having higher mechanical properties ones and also,  their processability is evaluated. Formulation is obtained by mixing suitable raw materials in certain proportions.  First of all, there is a print on top of this pad. This print is made with a bio ink which includes pH indicator. By means of this ink, after the pets leave their urine on the pad, observing of color change can be possible according to the urine’s pH level. Ideally, urine’s pH value should be aroud 6.5 for cats and dogs as be considere a healthy level. IF the pH is acisic (below 5.5/6) or alkaline (above 7/7.5), there may be bacteria, crystals, an imbalnce in blood values or a sign of illness, which can have a nagative impact on pet’s health.  In addtion to this, the carrier breathable film which is used in the desing of the  ‘pH measuring pad for underpad’ is produced with using low density polyethylene (LDPE) obtained from renewable resoruces (green). The non-woven fabric is produced from soybean protein fibers. While,  These fibers are biodegradable, soybean protein fiber or SPF, is the only renewable botanical protein fiber that can be touch today. SPF is a unique active fiber. Also it contains 16 amino acids that are healty and nourishing for the skin. Keyword: indicator, bio, pad Giriş