Osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis that is commonly found in the elderly and is the leading cause of pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Non-pharmacological therapy, such as ultrasound diathermy and microwave diathermy, is one of the treatment options. Thermal therapy and function in tissue regeneration, improving metabolic processes, and lowering inflammation of knee OA are two therapies that have something in common. The aim of the review is to compare the effectiveness of US and MWD on knee OA patients' mobility. analysis was carried out A literature study was conducted using several electronic medical journal databases, including PubMed-NCBI, ProQuest, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Articles in English and Indonesian published between 2011–2021 qualify for inclusion. In this literature review, ten articles were used. The results of the review found that US and MWD have the same effectiveness in improving body function or mobility in knee OA patients. Six of the seven US articles showed effective results in improving the functional capacity of the body or mobility of knee OA. The three MWD articles also showed effective results in increasing the functional capacity of the body or the mobility of knee OA. Based on the average score of body functional parameters with WOMAC, TUGT, and stiffness, it can be concluded that MWD therapy is better than US in improving mobility function of knee OA

Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the causes of paralysis for elderly patients in developing countries. The non pharmacological and non invasive therapies used were high intensity laser therapy (HILT) and ultrasound diathermy (USD). Both generate heat to reduce pain in knee OA. This literature review aims to compare the effectiveness of HILT and USD in reducing pain intensity in knee OA patients. Literature review analysis was carried out from several medical journal databases, namely: Google Scholar, PubMed-NCBI, ProQuest and Science Direct. The journals listed are English language journals for the period 2011-2021. There are 8 journals used in the literature review. The results showed that HILT and USD were effective in reducing pain in knee OA patients. Two journals showed that HILT was more effective than LLLT. Two other journals show LLLT is more effective than USD. HILT and LLLT include laser therapy with the same therapeutic principle so that they can guarantee that HILT is more effective than USD. Keywords: effect, high intensity laser therapy, ultrasound diathermy, pain, knee osteoarthritis Abstrak: Osteoartritis (OA) lutut merupakan salah satu penyebab kelumpuhan bagi penderita usia lanjut di negara berkembang. Terapi non farmakologi dan non invasif yang digunakan yaitu high intensity laser therapy (HILT) dan ultrasound diathermy (USD). Keduanya menghasilkan panas untuk menurunkan nyeri pada OA lutut. Literature review ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efektivitas HILT dan USD dalam penurunan intensitas nyeri pada pasien OA lutut. Analisis literatur review dilakukan dari beberapa database jurnal kedokteran, yaitu: Google Scholar, PubMed-NCBI, ProQuest dan Science Direct. Jurnal yang dicantumkan adalah jurnal berbahasa Inggris dalam periode tahun 2011-2021. Terdapat 8 jurnal yang digunakan dalam literature review. Hasil ditemukan bahwa HILT dan USD efektif dalam menurunkan rasa nyeri pada pasien OA lutut. Dua jurnal menunjukkan HILT lebih efektif dibandingkan LLLT. Dua jurnal lain menunjukkan LLLT lebih efektif dibandingkan USD. HILT dan LLLT termasuk terapi laser dengan prinsip terapi sama sehingga dapat disimpulkan HILT lebih efektif dibandingkan USD. Kata-kata kunci: effect, high intensity laser therapy, ultrasound diathermy, pain, knee osteoarthritis

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Sport-related musculoskeletal injuries are a common health issue that can result in a reduction in performance. Tennis players, like many other sports players at recreational, collegiate, or professional levels, can experience injuries throughout the entire body. This study aimed to review the literature between 2017-2022 regarding many injuries experienced by tennis players. Original and review articles were searched through Scopus, MEDLINE via PubMed, and the Web of Science using key terms: tennis, injury, prevention, and risk factors. The researchers included systematic, experimental, observational, and qualitative studies that addressed tennis players, both professional and non-professional, in this review. From a total of 910 references searched through the descriptors, 301 references were included after reading the title and 283 were excluded after reading the abstract and full text. There were five articles that met the criteria for inclusion in the analysis. From those references, various injuries were obtained, and there was no injury that was the most frequent among them. The injuries mentioned include lumbar spine injury, shoulder injury, trunk injury, lower limb injury, upper limb injury, and muscle/tendon injury. The evolution of refined racket manufacturing technology, the age of players, and court surface composition can all have an impact on injury patterns. The information in this study contributes to trainers, researchers, and coaches who want to develop a prevention program to lower the number of incidents in this sport.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common knee pain complaint. Non pharmacological therapy, including microwave diathermy therapy (MWD) and infra red therapy (IR) is one of the treatment options. Both work in tissue repair, increase metabolic processes, and reduces inflammation in knee OA by electromagnetic radiation hyperthermia. The purpose of this literature review was to analyze comparison of the effectiveness of MWD and IR in reducing pain intensity in knee OA patients. The data were collected by analyzing literature from several databases, namely PubMed-NCBI, ProQuest, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The criteria for inclusion of articles are articles in English and Indonesian in research published in 2011–2021. In this literature review, 8 articles were used. According to the findings of the review, MWD and IR were both effective in reducing pain in knee OA patients. Three of the five MWD articles showed that reducing pain intensity of knee OA was more effective. Two of the three IR articles showed that reducing pain intensity of knee OA was more effective. It may be concluded that IR therapy is better than MWD therapy in reducing pain knee OA based on the average score of pain parameters using VAS before and after therapy. Keywords: effect, microwave diathermy, infra red, pain, knee osteoarthritis Abstrak: Osteoartritis lutut (OA) adalah keluhan nyeri lutut yang paling umum. Salah satu pengobatan yang dapat dilakukan adalah terapi non farmakologi yaitu terapi microwave diathermy (MWD) dan terapi infra red (IR). Keduanya memiliki kesamaan dalam hipertermia radiasi elektromagnetik, dan berfungsi perbaikan jaringan, peningkatan proses metabolisme, dan pengurangan inflamasi OA lutut. Tujuan Literature review ini untuk membandingkan efektivitas MWD dan IR dalam mengurangi intensitas nyeri pada pasien OA lutut. Penulisan dilakukan dengan menganalisis literatur dari beberapa database jurnal kedokteran elektronik, yaitu: PubMed-NCBI, ProQuest, Science Direct dan Google Scholar. Kriteria pencantuman artikel adalah artikel berbahasa Inggris dan Indonesia dalam penelitian yang diterbitkan tahun 2011–2021. Ada 8 artikel yang digunakan dalam literature review ini. Hasil tinjauan menemukan bahwa MWD dan IR keduanya efektif dalam mengurangi rasa nyeri pada pasien OA lutut. Tiga dari lima artikel MWD menunjukkan hasil yang lebih efektif dalam mengurangi intensitas nyeri OA lutut. Dua dari tiga artikel IR menunjukkan hasil yang lebih efektif dalam mengurangi intensitas nyeri OA lutut. Berdasarkan dari rata-rata skor parameter nyeri dengan VAS sebelum dan sesudah terapi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian terapi IR lebih baik daripada pemberian terapi MWD terhadap pengurangan nyeri OA lutut. Kata-kata kunci:   effect, microwave diathermy, infra red, pain, knee osteoarthritis