Simultaneous Regional Elections in 2018 is not a new phenomenon in Indonesia. This election is a mandate of UU 8 of 2015. According to UU 8 of 2015, the simultaneous regional election will be held in several waves, and the first wave has been held in 2015 and 2017. However, there were different phenomena that arose before the 2018 election. One of them was the emergence of hate speech. This study discusses the potential of hate speech in simultaneous elections in 2018. Methods of data collection in this study is literature study and descriptive analysis method. This study found that there is a potential of hate speech in election in 2018. These potentials can be described in terms of the actors, media and hate speech forms that can occur. The potential can occur on the side of the actors in a broad sense. Potential media used as media hate speech also varied. Similarly, from the possibility of the form of hate speech that occurs.

Purpose: The objective of the study was to describe factors that influenced the establishment of the Islamic political parties and its political problems in South East Asia. Methodology:The research methodology used in the present research study is a literature study method with qualitative analysis. The data obtained from documents and books which were studied by online and offline. The gathered data analysed by using political theories. One of them was the analysis of the emergence of Islamic political parties. Main Findings:The study had two main findings. First, there were six factors which influenced the establishment of Islamic political parties, that is the demography, political system, political ideology, contagion, international political economy, and political competition. Secondly, there were four problems faced by Islamic political parties in winning the political contest, especially in the general election. The first problem was the division of local cultural identity, followed by the unfavorable situation for Islamic political parties, political ideology, and the quality of Islamic political parties themselves. Implications:It had a theoretical implication on the harmony between Islam and democracy, the emergence of Islamic political parties, and the problems. It revealed that there was no problem between the existence of Islamic political parties and democracy.Novelty: When the secular political party lost public trust, the voters did not automatically shift their political votes to the Islamic political parties.

Abstract-The phenomenon of de-radicalization is a rare attempt in the study of terrorism. It is because institutions that specifically do so are still minimal, especially in educational institutions such as boarding school. In the case of Indonesia, Al Hidayah boarding school is the first in Indonesia to educate children from former terrorist families as well as for the poor. The questions related to the phenomenon are, what is the main background of the establishment of Al Hidayah Boarding School in Deli Serdang District? Why is this boarding school trying to educate the terrorists' children to anticipate the growing understanding of radicalism? This study attempts to answer the questions by using the qualitative method. Data collection methods applied are document studies, observation, and in-depth interviews. The findings of this study are the three backgrounds of the establishment of this boarding school. The first result shows the ideological change of the actors. The second outcome is the humanitarian reasons behind this, and the last one is as a deradicalization role model. It is crucial to guide the terrorists' children because of five things. First, they are abandoned because their parents were imprisoned or died. Secondly, there is a negative stigma in society against children of terrorists. Third, they absorb the seed of radical ideology (spirited of terror) through their parents. Fourth, they tend to have the nature of hating the state and the security apparatus. The last one is because they have the potential to be recruited as terrorists. There are two theoretical implications of this study, namely, reinforcing Mia Bloom's theory that has explained the emergence of terrorists, and secondly, it rejects Mark Jurgensmeyer's theory which explains the strange relationship between religion and terrorism.

Since then it has attracted some attention from the Muslim community as it teaches the deradicalization subject and other subjects to its students who are the children of terrorists. The aim of this paper is to examine the rationality behind the deradicalization efforts taking place at the school. This study refers to some of the theories on radicalism and terrorism presented by Mark Juergensmeyer (2001), Mia Bloom (2007), Daniel Koehler (2016) and Hafal Ahmad (2017). This study uses the quantitative research methodology to gather the needed data for its findings or results. Among the findings are the de-radicalization process for the children of terrorists is a rational effort. The participation of former terrorists in the program is also a rational choice. However, there are some important aspects to be reviewed and improved by the school in order to maintain and achieve the planned goals or aims for the school. Firstly, it is necessary to strengthen the teachers' quality and quantity in the teaching the subjects offered by the school. Secondly, the design and implementation of the de-radicalization subject and other subjects need to be measured and tested regularly covering the contents of the subjects and their teaching aids. Thirdly, it is necessary to set indicators that can be used to measure the progress and success of the school from time to time.

ABSTRAKAbstrak: Masyarakat yang tinggal di kampung nelayan adalah masyarakat yang memiliki masalah yang kompleks. Salah satunya adalah dalam hal masalah kemandirian ekonomi. Studi ini mendeskripsikan masalah tersebut dengan pendekatan politik lingkungan. Studi ini juga mendeskripsikan tentang peluang masyarakat di kampung nelayan dalam upaya meningkatkan kemandirian ekonomi melalui pendekatan politik lingkungan. Temuan studi ini adalah terdapat empat peluang yang dapat dimanfaatkan masyarakat di kampung nelayan dalam upaya meningkatkan kemandirian ekonomi. Peluang pertama adalah menjalankan usaha tambahan dengan melakukan wirausaha ramah lingkungan. Peluang kedua adalah memaksimalkan produksi dengan sistem pertanian terpadu. Peluang ketiga, menggagas dan mewujudkan kampung ekowisata. Peluang keempat, membangun unit usaha bersama seperti koperasi berbasis lingkungan. Studi ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data dan informasi yang ada diperoleh melalui proses wawancara, dan diskusi pendek, serta melalui penelusuran literatur melalui dokumen elektronik dan dokumen cetak.Kata Kunci: pendekatan politik lingkungan, kemandirian ekonomi, wirausaha ramah lingkungan,, ekowisata.Abstract: People living in nelayan villages (kampung nelayan) have complex problems. One of them is economic autonomy. This study describes the problem with a political ecology approach. This study also describes the opportunities of people in nelayan villages in an effort to increase economic autonomy through a political ecology approach.