Background: Klebsiella pneumonia is a ubiquitous encapsulated bacterial pathogen which cause various types of infections, this ability comes from the resistance gene and virulence factor genes. Methodology: Fifty clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae was diagnosed and characterized according to their chemical and molecular characteristics, then genomic DNA was extracted from each bacterial isolate to detect carbapenem-resistant (NDM-1, and OXA-1), and biofilm association gene including (fimH, and mrkD) by amplification of these genes using specific primers. Results: Results showed that NDM-1 and OXA-1 were found to be frequent in bacterial isolates in a percentage of 54% and 28% respectively. On the other hand, it was found that fimH is the most frequent in bacterial isolates (100%), while mrkD was found in a percentage of 86% of the total isolates. Conclusion: High prevalence of biofilm association genes and presence of carbapenem-resistant in varied isolates of K. pneumoniae pose an important public health thing.

Background: Fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) are a group of LAB with unique growth features and are regarded as potential bioactive compound manufacturers. FLAB is discovered in D-fructose rich niches that favors D-fructose as a growth substrate triumphs over D-glucose. On D-glucose, they require electron acceptors to proliferate. The organisms have similar metabolic processes for carbohydrates. Fructobacillus spp. are Lactobacillus kunkeei, are members of this unique group. Methodology: Inhibitory effect of filtrate from four FLAB isolates from honeybee was detected against the growth of pathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Biofilm formation, and the expression of fimH, mrkD, and NDM-1, and OXA-1 virulence genes were also tested. Results: It was found that FLAB has antibacterial and antibiofilm effect. The incubation of K. pneumoniae with FLAB suspension at different three-time intervals (3, 6, and 9 hrs.) decreased expression of fimH, mrkD, NDM-1, and OXA-1 virulence genes compared with the expression of the same genes in the absence of FLAB. Conclusion: all FLAB filtrate isolates tested, K. pneumoniae fimH, mrkD, NDM-1, and OXA-1 virulence gene expression was down-regulated, when compared to the control culture.

Introduction and Aim: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for a wide range of infections, including respiratory tract infections (RTIs). This research was aimed to study the antibacterial and anti-biofilm effect of AgNPs produced by Gram positive and negative bacteria on RTIs associated with K. pneumoniae.   Materials and Methods: The biofilm formation of K.  pneumoniae was determined by tube method qualitatively from select bacterial species characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The antibacterial susceptibility of the bacteria AgNPs was tested for their antibacterial and antibiofilm activity on a clinical isolate of K. pneumoniae.   Results: K. pneumoniae isolated from RTIs were strong biofilm producers.  The antibacterial activity of AgNPs synthesized from bacterial spp in this study had good antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae. P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis AgNPs had the strongest anti-biofilm effect, with 84% and 83%, respectively, while A. baumanii's AgNPs had the lowest (79%). AgNPs of P. aeruginosa and P. luteola showed the highest (80%) anti-biofilm action against the development of pre- and post-mature biofilms formed by K. pneumoniae, while AgNPs from S. mitis exhibited the lowest levels (69%).   Conclusion: AgNPs generated by Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria, when exposed to K. pneumoniae isolated from RTIs had a good antibacterial impact and inhibited the formation of biofilm by K. pneumonia and hence could be used as an antibacterial agent against K. pneumoniae infecting the respiratory tract.

Serratia marcescens was exposed to mutation for becoming better the production of prodigiosin (quantitatively and qualitatively) and examined it as antibacterial activities. One isolate of S.marcescen (Wild) was exposed to different kinds of antibiotics (Gentamycin 10µg/ml) to produce mutant isolates from S.marcescen and examined to produce prodigiosin. The isolate that produce the largest amount of prodigiosin among four isolates was used for more studies. Staphyllococcus Baciilus, E.coli, and Pseudomonas were exposed to prodigiosin for testing inhibiting activity of it against these bacterial strains.