Multidrug resistance has resulted in hurtful infections on treatment with common antimicrobials and is associated with health threatening problems. Antibiotic abuse in health care systems contributes to global resistance. β-lactams are the predominantly used antibiotics, and the most often used is cefotaxime, therefore facing a resistance problem. Potent cephalosporin derivatives, β-lactamase inhibitors, prodrugs, and drug nano-carriers are approaches to cutback bacterial resistance. An example of a nanocarrier applied in field of antibacterial activity enhancement is niosomes. Niosomes are self-assembled vesicles made from non-ionic surfactants with cholesterol also additives included or omitted that can provide good features such as antibiotic shielding, cleavage proofing, controlled release, and specific targeting. Cefotaxime niosomes preparation done by Thin-Film Hydration method using Tween 40, span 60, stearylamine, and cholesterol. The dried film was moisturised with buffered solution of cefotaxime at 45-55°C then the final nanosized niosomal cefotaxime was generated through a probe sonication. A 27 formulas were prepared and identified by dynamic light scattering so that polydispersity index and the vesicular size are measured. The selected formula of cefotaxime niosomes (CN6) has as showed the lowermost values and a prominent vesicular structure of 106 nm diameter on Transmission electron microscope and compatibility on Fourier Transform Infrared System analysis. CN6 remained unchanged in diameter and Poly-dispersity index after 100 days of storage at 2 to-80 C and also onsubsequent freeze drying and reconstitution. Entrapment efficiency was quantified by the ultracentrifugation method and was discovered to be 93 %. Antibiotic delivery by cefotaxime-eluting niosomes has been shown to be successful with antibacterial potentiation of 160, 8, 640 and 40 times better than aqueous solution against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively which is obviously a considerable drop in the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the selected formula versus the aqueous cefotaxime solution and this was evaluated using Agar well diffusion technique.
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