The occurrence of eczema herpeticum (EH) in patients with Darier's disease (DD) is a rare occurrence. It is considered a dermatologic emergency due to its high mortality rate if misdiagnosed or left untreated. Here, we present a case of a 42-year-old woman with a longstanding history of DD who presented with EH secondary to herpes simplex 1. Since the incidence of EH is now increasing in adults, we take this as an opportunity to raise awareness among clinicians on the importance of a timely diagnosis of EH and initiating prompt treatment so as to prevent or minimize complications.
Thymomas are rare tumors of the thymic epithelium with an incidence of 1.5 cases in a million, with a wide spectrum of morphological, pathologic characteristics, and clinical presentations. Despite its benign histological appearance, it can invade nearby structures or metastasize hence clinicians need to have a high index of suspicion for early diagnosis. The natural history of the disease is seldom predictable and ranges anywhere from indolent to aggressive malignant course. In this review, we report a case of invasive thymoma in a patient whose presenting complaint was intermittent chest pain x 2 years that had gone undiagnosed. Complete surgical resection is the cornerstone of treatment in early presentation, but with the case of our patient who presented with a locally advanced thymoma treatment, her treatment options were challenging and had to be a multimodal approach with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy to reduce the chances of recurrence and improve survival. Given the rarity of this presentation, the clinicopathological characteristics that influence the survival of patients with these tumors are still under debate, and guidelines for management for advanced disease are yet to be defined hence warranting our review on this discussion.
Purpose of the Review
To describe the epidemiology and risk factors for Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)–associated mucormycosis (CAM) based on current published literature.
Recent Findings
COVID-19 is associated with an increased risk of secondary infections. Mucormycosis is an uncommon invasive fungal infection that typically affects people with immunocompromising conditions and uncontrolled diabetes. Treatment of mucormycosis is challenging and is associated with high mortality even with standard care. During the second wave of the COVID 19 pandemic, an abnormally high number of CAM cases were seen particularly in India. Several case series have attempted to describe the risk factors for CAM.
Summary
A common risk profile identified for CAM includes uncontrolled diabetes and treatment with steroids. COVID-19–induced immune dysregulation as well as some unique pandemic specific risk factors may have played a role.
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