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Chromium compounds are potent toxic and carcinogenic substances. With respect to toxicity, hepatic and renal toxicity have been reported both in workers and in animals exposed to Chromium (VI). Chromium (VI) compounds induce DNA damage in vivo and in cultured cells as well as the cytotoxicity evaluated by the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase. The present study reports the cytotoxicity of chrome platers who are employed from 8 to 48 years in electroplating industries at Damietta city. Blood samples were collected and estimated for aspartate amino. The study revealed that there is a significant elevation in the level of Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST) and Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK). Chromium concentration in erythrocytes was used to monitor hexavalent Chromium exposure CPK and transaminases and a decrease in total protein in serum. The results of the study suggest that Chromium (VI), a hepatotoxic chemical may perhaps damage the plasma membrane resulting in leakage of enzymes in to the serum of chromeplaters.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent malignant tumors in clinics. It is quite necessary and important to explore new approaches for early prognosis of HCC. The present study aimed to study the immunological and biochemical characterization of an epithelial membrane antigen associated with HCC. Serum samples from HCC patients (n=80) undergoing surgery and 20 serum samples from healthy individuals served as normal controls were used. The target epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) was purified from sera of HCC patients using electroelution technique and has been characterized. The purified EMA was characterized to be glycoprotein with molecular weight 130 kDa. Also, EMA was quantified in serum samples of 80 patients that were histopathologically proven to have HCC using ELISA. There was a highly significant difference between the value of EMA in HCC patients (8.9 ± 6.8 µg/ml) and that of normal individuals (1.6 ± 1.0 µg/ml) at (P < 0.0001). Accordingly, the estimation of serum EMA can be considered as a prognostic test for HCC.

Abstract:Grey Mullet Mugil cephalus L, fingerlings were chronically exposed to sub lethal concentrations of lead(Pb) (0.1 and 0.4 mg/L for twenty eight. The changes in the leucocytes and serum glucose, protein, and total cholesterol of the fish were determined every seven days in a renewable static bioassay system. At the end of the study, these parameters were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in the Pb -exposed groups when compared with the control group. Showing a pronounced leuocytosis in the Pb-exposed fish. The magnitude of increase was influenced by increasing of exposure period and Pb concentration. The Pb exposed fish were significantly (p<0.05) hyperglycemic and hyperbcholesteremic. The serum glucose levels on the 7th day were 26.50 ± 2.12 g/dl and 30.50 ± 0.70 g/dl in the fish exposed to 0.1 and 0.4 mg Pb /L respectively. On the 28th day , the serum glucose concentrations were 52.50 ± 2.12 and 70.00 ± 2.83 g Pb /dl in the groups exposed to 0.1 and 0.4 mg Pb/L , respectively. The cholesterol concentration increased from 113.5±3.53 mg Pb /dl on day 7 to 208.0 ± 1.80 mg/dl on day 28 in the group exposed to 0.1mg Pb /L. When the fish was exposed to 0.4mg Pb /L lead acetate, the cholesterol concentration increased from 131.5 ±3.54 in the first week to 288± 5.19mg Pb /dl on 28th day of the study. The serum protein concentration was also significantly (p< 0.05) increased in the Pb -exposed groups when compared with the control group, it increased from 4.04±0.06mg Pb /dl on day 7 to 5.30±0.05 mg/dl on day 28 in the fish exposed to 0.1mgPb /L. When the fish treated with 0.4mg Pb /L , the serum protein increased from 4.45±0.37 mg/dl on day 7 to 6.18±0.19 mg Pb /dl on day 28, respectively. These changes are indicative of stress imposed on the fish by lead and could be used as indices of lead poisoning 165