��is �a�er clarifies t�e role of traditional fis�ermen communities and related c�an�es in natural resource mana�ement of t�e �am �ian� La�oon. ��e results of t�is study s�ow t�at t�e "Van", a traditional community of fis�ermen, was or�anized based on �eo�ra��ical closeness, and �ins�i�s s�arin� common ex�eriences of fis�in� in t�e �am �ian� La�oon. ��e "Van" were self-adjusted, its members able to mana�e and ex�loit t�e fis�eries resources of t�e la�oon. Since resource mana�ement �as always been associated wit� t�e "Van" communities, t�e �overnment �as since come to rely on t�e "Van" as a nucleus wit� w�ic� to mana�e t�e la�oon. ��e "Doi �oi", an o�en-door �olicy initiated by t�e Vietnamese �overnment in 19�6 �as been fuelin� ra�id c�an�es in t�e rural society of Vietnam. ��e most si�nificant c�an�e in natural resource mana�ement was t�e establis�ment of Land Law 1993 w�ic� allowed t�e allocation of lands to �ouse�olds. �onsequently, resources w�ic� were �reviously s�ared by t�e communities around t�e la�oon �ave been c�an�in� to �ouse�old owners�i�. ��is increase in �rivate owners�i� �as reduced t�e common fis�in� �round of t�e Sam�an �eo�le and t�us narrowed t�eir access to t�e natural resources on w�ic� t�ey based t�eir liveli�ood. ��is is one of t�e major reasons be�ind t�e mar�inalization of t�e Sam�an �eo�le, w�o �ave sacrificed t�eir �osition of bein� t�e �reatest beneficiaries of t�e la�oon's resources, to bein� t�e �oorest.

Sands have favourable physical properties for harvesting peanut, but improving S and water use efficiency on these soils remains a challenge. We studied partial S balance in irrigated peanut crops on sands of Central Vietnam to identify key factors of S fertiliser management affecting S inputs and outputs. Field trials were conducted in the spring seasons of 2015 and 2016 to determine the effects of S application rates (0, 15, 30, 45 kg ha -1 ) on peanut yield and partial S balance. Sulfur balances were negative (-28.3 to 5.6 kg S ha -1 ) at rates < 30 kg S ha -1 , while at higher rates of S fertiliser application that produced maximum pod yield (30 -45 kg S ha -1 ), three of four sites showed neutral to slightly R I P T positive S balance (1.5 -5.6 kg S ha -1 ). The negative partial S balance decreased with increasing S rates but was mostly attributable to the large S removal in peanut shoots (9.7 -22.3 kg S ha -1 ) which are used on farms for animal feed. The negative partial S balance results in depletion of soil S reserves and hence efficient recycling of S on farms is critical for sustainable crop production on sands of VN.

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