No abstract

In recent years, essential oils extracted from different plant species have become increasingly popular in the production of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and foods. The essential oil from orange (Citrus sinensis) is important in large-scale applications due to its antibacterial, antioxidant activities, and pleasant aroma. In this study, factors affecting the production of orange essential oil on a distillation device with an operating capacity of 50 L/batch, including the ratio of material to water, temperature, and time distillation, have been surveyed. Through the survey, it was found that the raw materials were pureed, the materials: water ratio was 1:3 g/g, the water heating temperature was 130 °C, and the distillation time was 140 min. The yield of the essential oil was 1.8 mL/g with compounds limonene accounting for 98%, α-Pinene (0.655–0.734%), and β-Pinene (1.114 and 1.163%) by the GC-MS method. The review also found that the hydrodistillation equipment was designed to be suitable for the semi-industrial scales of orange essential oil due to its stable yield and volatile compounds contained in the essential oil.

The pomelo flavedo extract (PFE) from the pomelo peel (an agricultural waste) is well known with many functional properties. In this study, the incorporation of PFE into the bio-based polymer (pectin) for the formulation of the coating film was generally developed. The PFE showed a very high inhibitory effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.22 ± 0.37 mm of inhibition zone diameter), whereas Escherichia coli was found to be resistant to the PFE treatment. The incorporation of varying PFE contents into the pectin film with glycerol as a plasticizer for developing PFE-Gly-Pectin composite film and its effect on the film performance was investigated. PFE was found to reduce the swelling degree and increase the solubility of the Gly-Pectin film as well as increase the flexibility of the resulting film. However, the molecular structure, structural morphology, and contact angle of the Gly-Pectin film were insignificantly affected by the presence of PFE. The composite film at the PFE:Pectin ratio of 3.4 g/g was selected for the preliminary preservation of jackfruit bulbs which was stored at ambient temperature. As a result, coated jackfruit bulbs appeared to maintain a better quality after 3 days with an alleviated change in weight loss, color parameters, and total soluble solids, whereas the uncoated jackfruits showed signs of spoilage on Day 2 of the storage period. Therefore, the PFE conjugated pectin film suggested potential in the preservation of food materials.

Hydrodistillation (HD) is a traditional technique used in most extraction processes. On the other hand, microwave-assisted hydrogen distillation (MAHD), an advanced method using microwaves in the extraction process, has recently emerged. The chemical ingredients of essential oils obtained from pomelo (Citrus grandis L.) peels obtained by MAHD and by hydrodistillation (HD) were analyzed and compared gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results show that there is no significant difference between the two methods in terms of extraction efficiency, at around 4.45 to 4.7%. The main components of essential oils were Limonene, α-pinene, β-Myrcene and Sabinene. The content of those compounds showed no clear quantitative and qualitative difference between HD and MAHD. Experimental results show that the MAHD method provides a good alternative to extracting essential oils from grapefruit, saving time, operating costs and achieving more optimal levels. Keywords: Comparison, Pomelo (Citrus grandis L.), Essential oil, Hydrodistillation, Microwave assist hydrodistillation,

In order to minimize the toxic effects of scent compounds from chemicals to the environment and humans. Besides, the increasing demand of consumers for natural compounds, so the research team has conducted a search for compounds with good odor-producing ability and high activity extracted from the species plants in nature. The study was carried out based on the investigation of influencing parameters in product formulations such as carrier, essential oil, emulsifier, solvent. Research results are based on the evaluation of the product's volatility and appearance. At the same time, it is also shown that pomelo essential oil has the ability to combine with many other ingredients in the product without being denatured, with the content of 4% pomelo essential oil is diffused with a pleasant scent that is not pungent and can High deodorizing capacity in the air. The obtained research results have opened new perspectives on the applicability and potential of essential oils in the aromatherapy industry or cosmetic field, used as an alternative to artificial fragrances with properties of environmental friendliness.