The density dependencies of various effective interaction strengths in the relativistic mean field are studied and carefully compared for nuclear matter and neutron stars. The influences of different density dependencies are presented and discussed on mean field potentials, saturation properties for nuclear matter, equations of state, maximum masses, and corresponding radii for neutron stars. Though the interaction strengths and the potentials given by various interactions are quite different in nuclear matter, the differences of saturation properties are subtle, except for NL2 and TM2, which are mainly used for light nuclei, while the properties by various interactions for pure neutron matter are quite different. To get an equation of state for neutron matter without any ambiguity, it is necessary to constrain the effective interactions either by microscopic many-body calculations for the neutron matter data or the data of nuclei with extreme isospin. For neutron stars, the interaction with large interaction strengths give strong potentials and large Oppenheimer-Volkoff (OV) mass limits. The density-dependent interactions DD-ME1 and TW-99 favor a large neutron population due to their weak -meson field at high densities. The OV mass limits calculated from different equations of state are 2.02-2.81M ᭪ , and the corresponding radii are 10.78-13.27 km. After the inclusion of the hyperons, the corresponding values become 1.52-2.06M ᭪ and 10.24-11.38 km.

Objective Despite endovascular advances in fenestrated and branched devices, thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for arch pathologies remains challenging. The aim of this study was to provide a contemporary review on the current evidence for in situ fenestration during TEVAR and to evaluate its short- and mid-term clinical outcome in the management of arch pathology. Methods A systematic literature review on in situ fenestration of thoracic aortic stent-graft from January 2003 to September 2018 was performed under the instruction of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement. Results Our initial search yielded 169 studies, of which 21 articles were relevant to the topic and were finally included. One hundred and forty-five in situ fenestration procedures in 99 patients were reviewed, involving 25 innominate arteries (17%), 33 left common carotid arteries (23%) and 87 left subclavian arteries (60%). Twelve patients (12/99, 12%) had two-vessel fenestration and three-vessel fenestration was performed in 17 patients (17/99, 17%). Technical success was achieved in 136 arteries (136/145, 93%). Talent/Valiant with monofilament twill woven polyester fabric was the most common (50/99, 51%) stent-graft used for fenestration. Three methods reported for in situ fenestration were needle, laser and radiofrequency. Needle was the most frequently used device for fenestration, which was performed in 60 patients (60/99, 61%). Three patients (3/99, 3%) died with 30 days, none were in situ fenestration TEVAR procedure-related. Perioperative complications including one (1%) retrograde type A aortic dissection, two (2%) type II endoleaks, and three (3%) strokes were reported. The pooled estimate for overall technical success, perioperative mortality and stroke was 88.3% (95% CI, 78.6%–93.9%), 5.9% (95% CI, 2.5%–13.4%) and 9.5% (95% CI, 4.1%–20.6%), respectively. Four patients (4/96, 4%) died during follow-up, none were aortic-related. All the fenestration bridging stents were reportedly patent, with only 1 (1/96, 1%) asymptomatic left subclavian stent stenosis. Two patients (2/96, 2%) with type II endoleak from left subclavian artery required secondary intervention. Conclusion In situ fenestration appeared to be a feasible and effective method to extend proximal landing zone during TEVAR. It had an acceptable short-term result with high technical success and low fenestration related morbidity. Long-term durability data were lacking, and there was no high level evidence to recommend the routine use of in situ fenestration TEVAR for the management of arch pathology.

Jaynes-Cummings model is a typical model in quantum optics and has been realized with various physical systems ͓e.g, cavity quantum electrodynamics ͑QED͒, trapped ions, circuit QED, etc.͔ of two-level atoms interacting with quantized bosonic fields. Here, we propose an implementation of this model by using a single classical laser beam to drive an electron floating on liquid helium. Two lowest levels of the vertical motion of the electron act as a two-level "atom" and the quantized vibration of the electron along one of the parallel directions, e.g., x direction, serves as the bosonic mode. These two degrees of freedom of the trapped electron can be coupled together by using a classical laser field. If the frequencies of the applied laser fields are properly set, the desirable Jaynes-Cummings models could be effectively realized.