Histone lysine methylation, as one of the most important factors in transcriptional regulation, is associated with a various physiological conditions. Using a bioinformatics search, we identified and subsequently cloned mouse SET domain containing 3 (SETD3) with SET (Su(var)3-9, Enhancer-of-zeste and Trithorax) and Rubis-subs-bind domains. SETD3 is a novel histone H3K4 and H3K36 methyltransferase with transcriptional activation activity. SETD3 is expressed abundantly in muscular tissues and, when overexpressed, activates transcription of muscle-related genes, myogenin, muscle creatine kinase (MCK), and myogenic factor 6 (Myf6), thereby inducing muscle cell differentiation. Conversely, knockdown of SETD3 by shRNA significantly retards muscle cell differentiation. In this study, SETD3 was recruited to the myogenin gene promoter along with MyoD where it activated transcription. Together, these data indicate that SETD3 is a H3K4/K36 methyltransferase and plays an important role in the transcriptional regulation of muscle cell differentiation.The conformational structure or molecular charge of the histone core complex can be modified via methylation of the lysine/arginine residue in the histone tail, which affects gene expression and heterochromatin formation (1). Arginine methylation is mediated by PRDM family proteins, which are characterized by the presence of a PR (PRD1-BF1 and RIZ homology) domain at their N terminus, whereas lysine is methylated by histone methyltransferase (HMTase), 4 which commonly harbors the SET (Su(var)3-9, Enhancer-of-zeste and Trithorax) domain (2). By forming complexes with a broad variety of transcription factors, HMTases perform an important role in the regulation of gene expression, stem cell renewal, reproductive organ maturation, and tumorigenesis in mammals (2-5).Additionally, HMTases have been confirmed as crucial to myofibril organization (6), intestinal and pancreatic differentiation (7), and neurogenesis (8) in zebrafish.Muscle differentiation requires sequences of harmonized steps after the commitment of mesodermal progenitor cells to the muscular lineage (9). Under the regulation of diverse modifiers, myoblasts fuse with other neighboring myoblasts to generate multinucleated myotubes (10). During differentiation, the cell cycle is withdrawn and muscle-specific transcription factors activated. Mesodermal precursor cells with muscular lineages are differentiated into skeletal muscle or smooth muscle via the interplay of muscle-specific factors, including MyoD, myogenin, myogenic factor 5 (Myf5), muscle regulatory factor 4 (MRF4), and myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) (10).Histone modification enzymes have been implicated in muscle cell differentiation through the regulation of musclespecific gene expression (11,12). Chromatin modification enzymes such as histone acetyltransferases, deacetylases (HDACs), and chromatin remodeling factors have recently been reported to regulate MyoD activity during muscle differentiation. For example, the histone acetyltransferases p300 and p300/C...

In this work, a sulfur (S) vacancy passivated monolayer MoS piezoelectric nanogenerator (PNG) is demonstrated, and its properties before and after S treatment are compared to investigate the effect of passivating S vacancy. The S vacancies are effectively passivated by using the S treatment process on the pristine MoS surface. The S vacancy site has a tendency to covalently bond with S functional groups; therefore, by capturing free electrons, a S atom will form a chemisorbed bond with the S vacancy site of MoS . S treatment reduces the charge-carrier density of the monolayer MoS surface, thus the screening effect of piezoelectric polarization charges by free carrier is significantly prevented. As a result, the output peak current and voltage of the S-treated monolayer MoS nanosheet PNG are increased by more than 3 times (100 pA) and 2 times (22 mV), respectively. Further, the S treatment increases the maximum power by almost 10 times. The results suggest that S treatment can reduce free-charge carrier by sulfur S passivation and efficiently prevent the screening effect. Thus, the piezoelectric output peaks of current, voltage, and maximum power are dramatically increased, as compared with the pristine MoS .

Runx2 is a key transcription factor in osteoblast differentiation, and its activity is regulated by fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). Craniosynostosis, characterized by premature suture closure, results from mutations that generate constitutively active FGF receptors (FGFRs). We previously showed that FGF/FGFR-activated protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in the expression and activity of Runx2. Activated PKCdelta physically interacts with Runx2 in FGF2-stimulated MC3T3-E1 preosteoblastic cells. Immunopurified Runx2 protein reacted with PKCdelta kinase, and a phosphorylated 1460-Da peptide fragment (amino acids 241-252, 1380-Da) derived from Runx2 was also detected in MS analysis. Computer analysis predicted that Ser247 in this Runx2 can be a possible phosphorylation site by PKCdelta. We also showed that Runx2 activity after FGF stimulation correlates with the presence of the Runx2 Ser247 residue. The S247A (Ser --> Ala) mutation confers decreased transcriptional activity on a Runx2-responsive promoter after FGF treatment.

In recent years, smart light-emitting-type electronic devices for wearable applications have been required to have flexibility and miniaturization, which limits the use of conventional bulk batteries. Therefore, it is important to develop a self-powered light-emitting system. Our study demonstrates the potential of a new self-powered luminescent textile system that emits light driven by random motions. The device is a ZnS:Cu-based textile motion-driven electroluminescent device (TDEL) fabricated onto the woven fibers of a ZnS:Cuembedded PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) composite. Triboelectrification, which raises a discontinuous electric field, is generated by the contact separation movement of the friction material. Therefore, light can be generated via triboelectrification by the mechanical deformation of the ZnS:Cu-embedded PDMS composite. This study showed that the TDEL emitted light from the internal triboelectric field during contact and from the external triboelectric field during separation. Light was then emitted twice in a cycle, suggesting that continuous light can be emitted by various movements, which is a key step in developing self-powered systems for wearable applications. Therefore, this technology is a textile motiondriven electroluminescence system based on composite fibers (ZnS:Cu + PDMS) and PTFE fibers, and the proposed selfemitting textile system can be easily fabricated and applied to smart clothes.