4-Methyl-N 1 -(3-phenyl-propyl)-benzene-1,2-diamine (JSH-23) is a novel chemically synthetic compound. The aromatic diamine JSH-23 compound exhibited inhibitory effect with an IC 50 value of 7.1 lM on nuclear factor (NF)-jB transcriptional activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages RAW 264.7, and interfered LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-jB without affecting IjB degradation. This mechanism of action is very rare for controlling NF-jB activation. Furthermore, the compound inhibited not only LPS-induced expressions of tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 but also LPS-induced apoptosis of the RAW 264.7 cells.

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Background: Bee venom therapy has been used to treat inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis in humans and in experimental animals. We previously found that bee venom and melittin (a major component of bee venom) have anti-inflammatory effect by reacting with the sulfhydryl group of p50 of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and IκB kinases (IKKs). Since mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase family is implicated in the NF-κB activation and inflammatory reaction, we further investigated whether activation of MAP kinase may be also involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of melittin and bee venom.

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