However, some of these studies are limited by a relatively short observation period, considering that MAS treatment may continue indefi nitely through a patient's lifetime.Previous studies examining effects over at least a 5-year treatment period have shown signifi cant decreases in overbite (OB)-the vertical overlap of the anterior teeth, and overjet (OJ)-the horizontal overlap of the anterior teeth, ranging from 0.6-1.91 mm and 0.6-1.24 mm, respectively, after long-term appliance use. [16][17][18] These studies also report various BRIEF SUMMARYCurrent Knowledge/Study Rationale: Mandibular advancement splints are an effective treatment option for OSA patients, with changes to the dental occlusion as a common side effect. Due to the indefi nite nature of OSA treatment a clear understanding of the magnitude and progression of long-term occlusal changes is needed. Study Impact: With the longest observation period yet to be reported, the results from this study confi rm that long-term MAS treatment leads to signifi cant changes in occlusion for the majority of patients. These dental changes were found to be progressive in nature, and continue with ongoing MAS use.

Objective: To critically synthesize the literature surrounding segmentation of the mandibular condyle using three-dimensional imaging modalities. Specifically, analyzing the reliability and accuracy of methods used for three-dimensional condyle segmentation. Methods: Three electronic databases were searched for studies reporting the reliability and accuracy of various methods used to segment mandibular condyles from three-dimensional imaging modalities. Two authors independently reviewed articles for eligibility and data extraction. Results: Nine studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Eight studies assessed the condylar segmentation from CBCT images and limited studies were available on non-CBCT three-dimensional imaging modalities. Threshold-based volume segmentation, manual segmentation, and semi-automatic segmentation techniques were presented. Threshold-based volume segmentation reported higher accuracy when completed by an experienced technician compared to clinicians. Adequate reliability and accuracy were observed in manual segmentation. Although adequate reliability was reported in semi-automatic segmentation, data on its accuracy were lacking. Conclusion: A definitive conclusion with regards to which current technique is most reliable and accurate to efficiently segment the mandibular condyle cannot be made with the currently available evidence. This is especially true in terms of non-CBCT imaging modalities with very limited literature available.

A dinitrophenol-based colorimetric chemosensor sequentially sensing Cu2+ and S2−, HDHT ((E)-2-(2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzylidene)hydrazineyl)-N,N,N-trimethyl-2-oxoethan-1-aminium), was designed and synthesized. The HDHT selectively detected Cu2+ through a color change of yellow to colorless. The calculated detection limit of the HDHT for Cu2+ was 6.4 × 10−2 μM. In the interference test, the HDHT was not considerably inhibited by various metal ions in its detection of Cu2+. The chelation ratio of the HDHT to Cu2+ was determined as 1:1 by using a Job plot and ESI-MS experiment. In addition, the HDHT–Cu2+ complex showed that its color selectively returned to yellow only in the presence of S2−. The detection limit of the HDHT–Cu2+ complex for S2− was calculated to be 1.2 × 10−1 μM. In the inhibition experiment for S2−, the HDHT–Cu2+ complex did not significantly interfere with other anions. In the real water-sample test, the detection performance of the HDHT for Cu2+ and S2− was successfully examined. The detection features of HDHT for Cu2+ and the HDHT–Cu2+ for S2− were suggested by the Job plot, UV–Vis, ESI-MS, FT-IR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations.

No abstract

We investigated the effectiveness of integrative Korean medicine treatment in patients with pre-existing scoliosis who received inpatient care for traffic-accident-induced acute LBP. We selected 674 patients diagnosed with scoliosis between 1 January 2015, and 30 June 2021, using lumbar spine (L-spine) imaging, across four Korean medicine hospitals in Korea for a retrospective chart review and sent them a questionnaire-based follow-up survey. The primary outcome was a numeric rating scale (NRS) score of LBP. The secondary outcomes were the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), 5-level EuroQol 5-dimension (EQ-5D-5L), and patient global impression of change (PGIC) scores. In total, 101 patients responded to the follow-up survey. NRS scores decreased from 4.86 (4.71–5.02) to 3.53 (3.17–3.90) from admission to discharge, subsequently decreasing to 3.01 (2.64–3.38) (p < 0.001) at the last follow-up. Similarly, ODI scores decreased from 35.96 (33.08–38.85) to 22.73 (20.23–25.24) and 14.21 (11.74–16.67) (p < 0.001), respectively. Approximately 87.1% of patients were satisfied with their inpatient care. There were no significant differences in the degree of improvement according to the severity of scoliosis. Integrative Korean medicine treatment can improve pain, lumbar dysfunction, and quality of life in patients with traffic-accident-induced acute low back pain and pre-existing mild scoliosis.