No abstract

Purpose: Tendon injuries in hand were one of the most frequent injuries caused by trauma. Although consequent tenorrhaphy is frequently conducted, in complete tendon rupture the location of retracted tendon stumps cannot be identified clearly, which causes difficulties in surgical management. Ultrasonography is known to be a fast, accurate, and cost-effective diagnostic method for tendon injury; therefore, the authors studied the usefulness of preoperative ultrasonography in diagnosis and management of tendon injuries in hand.Methods: Among the 34 patients who had hand tendon injuries and visited between January 2017 and March 2018, retrospective studies were conducted on six patients with unidentified tendon stumps. By identifying the location of the tendon injuries and ruptured tendon stumps through preoperative ultrasonography, the operation was conducted under a predetermined surgical plan. The authors compared the ultrasonography results and the surgical findings.Results: For diagnosis of the unidentified tendon injuries and location of ruptured tendon stumps, the ultrasonography results and the surgical findings were matched for all six patients. By prior planning of the operation incision line using the preoperative ultrasonography results, the length of the incision site was minimized without additional incision, and the operation time was shortened.Conclusion: For hand tendon injuries with unidentified tendon stumps, identifying the location of tendon stumps through preoperative ultrasonography is helpful for determining the incision range for the operation. Therefore, preoperative ultrasonography may be useful in the diagnosis and management of tendon injuries in hand.

(3‐(2‐Benzotriazolovinyl)thiophene (BVT) containing an electron‐transporting moiety was polymerized through FeCl3 oxidation. In addition, BVT was copolymerized with different functional groups: 3‐octylthiophene (OT) containing alkyl groups for improving the solubility in common organic solvents; N‐octylcarbazolylene (OcCz) containing hole‐transporting groups for improving the optical property; and the alkyl groups for improving the solubility. Soluble π‐conjugated poly(3‐(2‐benzotriazolovinyl)thiophene‐co‐3‐(2‐benzotriazoloethylthiophene)‐co‐N‐octylcarbazolene) ([(BVT) n ‐(BET) m ‐OcCz2 ) y ) copolymer was synthesized. 1H NMR analysis was used to verify the structure of the polyBVT copolymers. Especially, the emission of the ([(BVT) n ‐(BET) m ‐OcCz2 ] y ) copolymer (662 nm) was red‐shifted by about 64 nm, compared to that of poly(3‐(2‐benzotriazolo‐ethyl)thiophene) (polyBET, 598 nm).