Organic farming has positive effects on soil microbial population, process, and activity. To examine effects of two different management methods (organic farming vs. conventional farming) on the cultivation of Japanese apricot, contents of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), total glomalin, and soil chemical properties were analyzed and compared. The organic farming practice resulted in significantly higher contents of organic matter, total FAME, total bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and total glomalin than the conventional farming practice. Soil organic matter showed positive correlation with contents of soil microbial biomass, total bacteria, total glomalin, Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, actinomycetes, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In 2018, the organic farming practice resulted in lower ratios of cy17:0 and 16:1ω7c than the conventional farming practice, indicating that microbial stress was reduced by the input of organic fertilizer into soil. Based on principal component analyses (PCA) of soil microbial communities, ratios of cy17:0 to 16:1ω7c in orchid soil can be used as microbial indicators to distinguish organically farmed orchard soil from conventionally farmed orchard soil.

This report is devoted to the synthesis of high quality nanorods using spin coating technique for seed layer growth. Effect of different parameter i.e., spins coating counts, spin coating speed, and the effect of temperature during the drying process was analyzed. Hot plate and furnace technique was used for heating purpose and the difference in the morphology was carefully observed. It is worthy to mention here that there is a substantial effect of all the above mentioned parameters on the growth and morphology of the ZnO nanostructure. The ZnO nanorods were finally synthesized using wet chemical method. The morphological properties of the obtained nanostructures were analyzed by using FESEM technique.

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