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Studies conducted in the past decade related to the use of natural antioxidants in meat products revealed the prevalent use of plant-based antioxidative materials added as powders, extracts, or dried or raw materials to meat products. The amount of antioxidative materials varied from 7.8 ppm to 19.8%. Extracts and powders were used in small amounts (ppm to grams) and large amounts (grams to >1%), respectively. Antioxidative materials used in meat products are mainly composed of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which are able to inhibit lipid peroxidation of meat products, thereby preserving meat quality. However, the main ingredients used in processed meat products are the traditional additives, such as sodium erythorbate, sodium hydrosulfite, and synthetic antioxidants, rather than natural antioxidants. This difference could be attributed to changes in the sensory quality or characteristics of meat products using natural antioxidants. Therefore, novel research paradigms to develop meat products are needed, focusing on the multifunctional aspects of natural antioxidants.

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The purpose of this study was to develop batch-processing methods for the extraction of collagen, peptides and heparin, and synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid from pork byproducts. The first steps in utilisation of byproducts involved washing, followed by grinding and mixing, then separation into protein and lipids. The 6% yield of collagen and 4% yield of peptides were extracted from the protein. The lipids were separated into saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids, and then the 20% yield by synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid from crude lipids and the 2.5% yield of ursodeoxycholic acid from a gallbladder extract were obtained (with extraction of heparin from ground byproducts). Whole blood was used instead of water for grinding byproducts to increase blood utilisation. Moreover, waste from extraction, filtering, and centrifugation was reused several times. These results suggest that the batch processing developed for extraction and synthesis of bioactive materials can utilise >80% (dry base) of pork byproducts. This could not only reduce waste disposal and cost but also improve the efficiency of byproduct utilisation.