We provide an experimental demonstration of novel form-birefringent computer-generated holograms at wavelengths of 1.55 and 10.6 microm. These novel devices utilize a 2-D array of cells that can be fabricated with a single lithographic step. Each cell contains a subwavelength binary grating whose orientation controls the desired continuous phase profile within the cell.

We present a novel configuration for the implementation of subwavelength-based graded-index devices. The proposed concept is based on the etching of one-dimensional subwavelength gratings into a high-index slab waveguide to achieve the desired effective index distribution. A graded-index profile can be achieved by gradually modifying the duty ratio of the grating along the horizontal axis, while the beam is confined in the vertical direction by the slab waveguide. On the basis of this concept, novel graded-index lenses and waveguides are both proposed and characterized numerically by use of finite-difference time-domain and finite-element analysis. The proposed devices can be used for guiding, imaging, optical signal processing, mode matching, coupling, and other applications while offering the intrinsic advantages of on-chip integration such as miniaturization, eliminating the need to align each component separately, and compatibility with standard microfabrication techniques for manufacturability.

Transmission resonant filters in a waveguide with vertical gratings have been realized in silicon on insulator wafers. Experimental studies of fabricated devices show a broad stopband of approximately 19 nm in the center of which exists a narrow transmission band of approximately 0.5 nm with a quality factor of approximately 3000. These resonant cavities are useful for laser cavities, switches, modulators, detectors, and tunable filters.

We report the analysis, design, fabrication and experimental characterization of novel subwavelength computer-generated holograms that produce uniform symmetric spot array. We distinguish between a polarization-sensitive and polarization-insensitive far-field reconstruction and show that a linearly polarized incident illumination is required in the former case in order to generate a symmetric reconstruction. The polarization-insensitive case generates a symmetric response independent of the illumination polarization. We show that this response is equivalent to that of a scalar-based computer-generated hologram but with an additional, independent, term that describes the undiffracted zeroth order. These findings simplify the design and optimization of form birefringent computer-generated holograms (F-BCGH) significantly. We present experimental results that verify our analysis and highlight the advantage of these novel elements over scalar-designed elements.

1.5-µm-wavelength distributed feedback lasers with a deeply etched first order vertical grating were realized for the first time. It was shown that we can obtain an effective coupling by reducing the stripe width. The sample with the cavity length of 430 µm, 1.8 µm stripe width and 0.2 µm grating depth on each lateral side exhibited a 12.5 mA threshold current, 37% total differential quantum efficiency and 35 dB submode suppression ratio at a bias current of two times the threshold.