Recent evidence suggests that insulin sensitivity is relatively better preserved in arm muscle than in leg muscle in both healthy controls and type 2 DM, based on measurements of basal and insulin-mediated glucose clearance performed simultaneously in the two sets of muscles. It has also been reported that glucose uptake rates are higher in arm compared to leg muscles in the fasted state during normo-insulinaemia. However, the mechanism(s) for this are unknown. Currently, no information is available on the content of glucose transport proteins between arm and leg muscles. Therefore, we compared four proteins, Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), Caveolin-3 (Cav-3), GLUT4, and IR-beta, each of which plays an important role in regulating glucose transport between arm and leg muscles using muscle samples that were obtained from the deltoid (DEL) and vastus lateralis (VAS) of 14 male college pentathlon athletes before and after two swimming trials performed over 100 and 1,500 m. In the present study, we have shown the levels of Cav-1, -3, GLUT4, and IR-beta measured together for the first time in human arm and leg muscles. There was no difference in the levels of these proteins between arm and leg muscles. Cav-3, GLUT4, and IR-beta were unchanged from the resting levels after both exercise trials in DEL, while Cav-1 was increased (17%) at the end of the longer swim trial. In contrast, all measurements of Cav-1, -3, GLUT4, and IR-beta after the 1,500 m swim trial in VAS were increased, by 120, 46, 123, and 60%, respectively. These data imply that there was no functional difference in glucose transport capacity between arm and leg muscles in highly trained pentathlon athletes in the resting state. Although Cav-3, GLUT4, and IR-beta were unchanged from the resting levels at the end of both exercise trials in DEL, all measures, including Cav-1, increased after the 1,500 m swim trial in VAS.

Heat transfer and bubble phenomena were investigated by adopting the drift flux model in a viscous slurry bubble column reactor (SBCR), having a diameter of 0.0508 m (ID) and height 1.5 m. The effects of superficial gas velocity (0.002-0.164 m/s), solid concentration (0-20 wt%) and liquid viscosity (paraffin oil; 16.9 mPa•s and squalane; 25.9 mPa•s) on the gas holdup and heat transfer characteristics were examined. It was observed that the gas holdup increased with increasing superficial gas velocity (UG), but decreased with increasing solid concentration (SC) or slurry viscosity. The degree of non-uniformity in a SBCR could be determined by the modified drift flux model at the heterogeneous flow regime. The local heat transfer coefficient (h) between the immersed heater and the bed decreased with increasing liquid viscosity and SC, but it increased with increasing UG. The modified Nusselt number including the gas holdup and local heat transfer coefficient was well correlated in terms of dimensionless groups such as Reynolds and Prandtl numbers.

Purpose: Edentulism can be treated using removable prostheses, fixed prostheses, and implant overdentures. Implant overdentures are more cost-effective than fixed prostheses and offer advantages of retention, support, stability, masticatory power, psychological stability, maintenance of alveolar bone, and improvement of proprioception compared to removable dentures. This study aimed to investigate the survival and success rate of implants in overdentures according to patient and implant factors. Materials and Methods:This study investigated patients who underwent implant surgery for overdenture treatment by a single surgeon at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department at Seoul Asan Medical Center between 2005 and 2020. A total of 46 patients with 146 implants were included, and the survival and success rates of the implants were analyzed statistically. Additionally, the correlation between these rates and age, sex, implant placement location, and the number of implants was investigated.Results: A total of 146 implants were placed in 46 patients for implant overdentures. The average follow-up period for this study was 5.03 ± 3.89 years. The mean age of the patients was 68.5 ± 9.9 years, and there were 19 men and 27 women. The most commonly placed implants were in the mandibular anterior region, and the majority of dentures had two implants. The overall survival and success rates of implants in overdentures were 98.6% and 95.9%, respectively. Age, sex, implant placement location, and the number of implants showed no significant correlation with implant survival and success rates. Conclusion:The survival and success rates of implants for overdentures are extremely high, with no significant difference from those for fixed prosthetics.

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) refer to liquids or organic compounds in which the boiling point is easily evaporated into the atmosphere. Such VOCs is used for painting and ink manufacturing facilities, solvents, adhesives, and manufacturing synthetic resins. The emitted VOCs are not only harmful to the human body, animals, and plants, but are also representative environmental pollutants that are released into the atmosphere and become secondary fine dust pollutants. VOCs cause photochemical reactions with nitrogen oxides (NOx) to generate ozone on the surface, contributing to warming and worsening respiratory diseases. Therefore, a number of techniques are being used to eliminate these VOCs and regenerative temperature oxidation(RTO) that oxidizes VOCs at high temperature and reuses waste heat to increase economic feasibility, and regenerative catalytic oxidation(RCO) technology that concentrates low concentration VOCs and catalytic oxidation at a relatively low temperature is mainly used. Although RCO technology has advantages due to low reaction temperature and low generation of secondary pollutants such as NOx compared to RTO, VOCs explosion limit, catalyst poisoning, regeneration, and long-term stability must be considered.This research evaluated the catalyst combustion characteristics of VOCs according to the type of VOC using the catalyst developed to effectively treat VOCs.

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