Although human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines are karyotypically normal, they retain the potential for mutation in the genome. Accordingly, intensive and relevant quality controls for clinicalgrade hiPSCs remain imperative. As a conceptual approach, we performed RNA-seq-based broad-range genetic quality tests on GMp-compliant human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-homozygous hipScs and their derivatives under postdistribution conditions to investigate whether sequencing data could provide a basis for future quality control. We found differences in the degree of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) occurring in cells cultured at three collaborating institutes. However, the cells cultured at each centre showed similar trends, in which more SNPs occurred in late-passage hiPSCs than in earlypassage hiPSCs after differentiation. In eSNP karyotyping analysis, none of the predicted copy number variations (CNVs) were identified, which confirmed the results of SNP chip-based CNV analysis. HLA genotyping analysis revealed that each cell line was homozygous for HLA-A, HLA-B, and DRB1 and heterozygous for HLA-DPB type. Gene expression profiling showed a similar differentiation ability of early-and late-passage hiPSCs into cardiomyocyte-like, hepatic-like, and neuronal cell types. However, time-course analysis identified five clusters showing different patterns of gene expression, which were mainly related to the immune response. In conclusion, RNA-seq analysis appears to offer an informative genetic quality testing approach for such cell types and allows the early screening of candidate hipSc seed stocks for clinical use by facilitating safety and potential risk evaluation.In the decades since the discovery of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by Takahashi and Yamanaka 1 , considerable advances have been made in our understanding of these cells 2-4 . hiPSCs currently present potential clinical applications in cell therapy and regenerative medicine 5 , and with the broadening of these clinical applications, the standardization of the quality control (QC) of hiPSCs is becoming increasingly open Scientific RepoRtS | (2020) 10:3939 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60466-9www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ important. In particular, the evaluation of the genetic stability of the starting materials and the final product is a key consideration during QC processes for selecting suitable hiPSC lines for clinical application, as it may affect final product quality, efficacy, and safety 6,7 .The genomes of hiPSCs are characterized by potentially wide variability, including aneuploidy, subchromosomal copy number variation (CNV), single-nucleotide variations (SNVs), and epigenetic aberrations 8 . Deletions of tumour suppressor genes and changes in immune response-related genes may not be reflected in phenotypic changes in hiPSCs; however, they could play a pivotal role once the cells have differentiated or been transplanted, although such mutations are also known to occur in perfectly he...

Wireless identification technologies such as radio frequency identification (RFID) or barcodes are becoming more critical tools for efficient data collection by managing products individually. However, in order to maximize the full advantage of those technologies, it is important to utilize the additional attributes of a product beside the unique identification number. This paper presents an RFID-based weedicide manufacturing process. The research was carried out using a case study in a manufacturing company that produces agricultural chemicals (i.e. weedicide). This paper provides a simulation analysis of a new process which shows improvement of the cycle time and reduction in the waste of boxes.

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to present a new way of manufacturing process in the plant of the leading weedicide manufacturing company in Korea, Dongbu. Design/methodology/approach -This paper explains a design of Auto-ID based weedicide manufacturing process, introduces new mechanism for assembly machine and presents simulation approach to understand potential benefit. Findings -In Dongbu, there was no information matching among bottle, box and pallet levels. Another issue was error propagation. Because, the allowance range for weight difference is different depending on the level of unit, the small weight difference (i.e. deviation) within allowance range in bottle level can create errors when accumulated for boxing. The proposed method improved performance measures such as cycle time and cost of raw materials by introducing Auto-ID technology. As in the simulation results, it is considered that adoption of radio frequency identification together with this automatic module will improve manufacturing performance drastically. Originality/value -The research was based on the real world implementation of Auto-ID based manufacturing in weedicide manufacturing company and discussed a new approach which addresses the current issues of industry.

No abstract