Background Studies regarding treatment of acute toxicity with diclofenac (ATD) are quite few. Diclofenac is commonly prescribed in neurology, psychiatry, and general medicine practice. This study investigated possible colon-protective effects exerted by Ajwa date fruit extract (ADFE), a prophetic medicine remedy native to Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia against ATD. Phytochemicals in ADFE as gallic acid and quercetin have reported protective effects against ATD. Methods Total phenols and flavonoids in ADFE were estimated as equivalents to gallic acid and quercetin. Four experimental groups were allocated each of six rats: control group, ATD group received a single dose of 150 mg diclofenac intraperitoneally, toxicity prevention group received a single dose of ADFE orally followed 4 hours later by diclofenac injection, and toxicity treatment group received a similar diclofenac dose followed 4 hours later by a single dose of ADFE. Four days later, animals were sacrificed. Histological and biochemical examinations were done. Results ADFE has a total phenolic content of 331.7 gallic acid equivalent/gram extract and a total flavonoid content of 70.23 quercetin equivalent/gram. ATD significantly increased oxidative stress markers as serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). Serum MDA and H 2 O 2 were significantly scavenged by ADFE. ATD significantly (p<0.001) decreased antioxidant power as serum total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity. That was reversed by ADFE in both prevention and treatment groups. Histologically, ATD caused complete destruction of colonic crypts architecture, patchy loss of the crypts, loss of the surface epithelium, absent goblet cells and submucosal exudate, heavy infiltration of the lamina propria and submucosa with inflammatory cells, mainly lymphocytes and eosinophils. There were mucosal haemorrhages and submucosal dilated congested blood vessels. All that was prevented and treated using ADFE. Conclusion ADFE is rich in quercetin and gallic acid equivalents that exert potent antitoxic effects. ADFE is strongly recommended for preventive and therapeutic colon effects against ATD.

Background: Obesity-induced inflammation facilitates depression and premenstrual tension syndrome. Hypoxia is a common feature of inflammation. Hypoxia inducible factors adapt cells to low oxygen tension and inflammation. Objectives:We aimed to see how obesity, along with Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide, Metformin, calorie restriction, and walking exercise, affected psychosomatic characteristics of premenstrual tension syndrome, during a six-month period. Patients and methods:A prior ethical committee approval and informed patients' consent were taken. This study was performed in Tanta University, Egypt from May 2019 to December 2019. This study aims at evaluating the effects of obesity-induced inflammatory mediators on psychosomatic effects in women having premenstrual tension syndrome. Effects of combined therapy using (Metformin, Amiloride. Hydrochloride/ Hydrochlorthiazide, caloric restriction, half an hour of walking exercise per day, and Vitazinc capsules) treatment was compared to the same combined therapy including Royal vitamin G treatment (instead of Vitazinc) on alleviating psychosomatic manifestations of premenstrual tension syndrome. Sixty obese women having premenstrual tension syndrome were categorized into younger age group (18-39 years) and older age (40-48 years) versus a non-obese age-matched control Copyright: © Mariah et al. (2022) Immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. Users have the right to Read, download, copy, distribute, print or share link to the full texts under a Creative CommonsBY-NC-SA 4.0 International License.group. Body mass index in addition to serum tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), hypoxiainducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and receptor activator of nuclear factorkappa-Β ligand (RANKL) were assessed. Related psychosomatic manifestations of premenstrual tension syndrome (edema, anxiety, and fatigue) were also assessed. Results:Obesity significantly increased serum TNF-α (p<0.01), HIF-1 α (p<0.01) and RANKL (p<0.01). Obesity-induced biochemical effects were higher in older obese women than younger ones. Obesity significantly exaggerated the severity of investigated psychosomatic manifestations (p<0.001). Both combined therapies (including either Vitazinc or Royal vitamin G) significantly and dramatically decreased the percentage of cases having psychosomatic manifestations (p<0.001) that was closely related to the decreased serum biochemical parameters. Conclusion:Combined therapy containing Royal vitamin G significantly improved serum biochemical parameters and psychosomatic manifestations better than combined therapy containing Vitazinc.