Air temperature deviation (ATD) is one of major indicators to represent spatial distribution of urban heat island (UHI), which is induced from the urbanization. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of air temperature deviation about Climate Analysis Seoul (CAS) workbench, which had developed by National Institute Meteorological Science and TU Berlin. Comparison and correlation analysis for CAS ATD including meso-scale air temperature deviation, local-scale air temperature deviation, total air temperature deviation, surface heat flux deviation, cold air production deviation among meso-scale numerical modelling variable in 'Seoul Region', micro-scale numerical modelling in 'Detail Region', and CAS workbench variable using observation data in ground stations. Comparison between night time OBS ATD and CAS ATD show that have most close values. Most of observations (dT max and dT min ) have highly positive (dT SHP , dT CA , MD, TD, f BS , f US , f WS , h B ) and negative (f VS , f TV , h V , Z) correlations. However, CAS workbench needs further improvement of both observational framework and analytical framework to resolve the problems; (1) night time OBS ATD of has closer values in compare with at high rise mountain area and (2) correlations are very dependable to meteorological scale.

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Large-scale traffic accidents caused by black ice on roads have increased rapidly; hence, there is an urgent need to prepare safety measures for their prevention. Here, we used local weather road observations and the linkage between weather prediction and a radiation flux model (LDAPS-SOLWEIG) to calculate prediction information regarding habitual shade areas, sky view factor (SVF), and downward shortwave radiative flux by road direction and lane. Using the LDAPS-SOLWEIG model system, a set of real-time weather prediction data (temperature, humidity, wind speed, and insolation at 1.5 km resolution) was applied, and 5 m resolution radiative flux prediction data, with road resolution blocked by local weather and topography, were calculated. We found that the habitual shaded area can be divided by the direction and lane of the road according to the height and shape of the terrain around the road. The downward shortwave radiation flux data from local meteorological observation data and that calculated from the LDAPS-SOLWEIG model system were compared. When road-freezing occurred on a case day, the RMSE was 20.41 W·m−2, MB was −5.04 W·m−2, and r was 0.78. The calculated information, habitual shaded area, and SVF can highlight road sections vulnerable to winter freezing and can be helpful in the special management of these areas.

During summer heat waves, road workers are easily exposed to heat stress and faced with a high risk of thermal diseases and death, and thus preventive measures are required for their safety at the work site. To prepare response measures, it is necessary to estimate workers’ perceived temperature (PT) according to exposure time, road environment, clothing type, and work intensity. This study aimed to examine radiation (short-wave radiation and long-wave radiation) and other meteorological factors (temperature, humidity, and wind) in an actual highway work environment in summer and to estimate PT using the observation data. Analysis of radiation and meteorological factors on the road according to pavement type and weather revealed that more heat was released from asphalt than from concrete. Regression model analysis indicated that compared with young workers (aged 25–30 years), older workers (aged ≥ 60 years) showed a rapid increase in PT as the temperature increased. The temperatures that people actually feel on concrete and asphalt roads in heat wave conditions can be predicted using the PT values calculated by the regression models. Our findings can serve as a basis for measures to prevent workers from thermal diseases at actual road work sites.