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Background:The results of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have been variable according to the patient disease status and center of treatment. We evaluated the outcome of HSCT in our pediatric and adolescent patients at Yeungnam University Hospital (YNUH). Methods: The records of 60 patients, ages 19 years and younger, who had a HSCT at YNUH from September 1995 to December 2006 were reviewed. Results: Among the 60 patients, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (Allo-BMT) was performed in 19 (related 17, unrelated 2), cord blood transplantation (CBT) in 11 (related 1, unrelated 10), and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (Auto-PBSCT) in 30 patients. All patients engrafted. The median number of days to obtain an absolute neutrophil count ＞500/μL and platelet count ＞20,000/ μL were 13 days (range, 8∼48 days) and 27 days (range, 6∼465 days), respectively. The treatment related mortality (TRM) of Allo-BMT, CBT and Auto-PBSCT were 21.1%, 27.3% and 10%. The three-year overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) among the 60 patients were 73.3% and 63.3%. The three-year OS and EFS for Allo-BMT, CBT and Auto-PBSCT were 78.9% and 73.7%, 63.6% and 54.5% and 53.3% and 46.7%, respectively. Conclusion: Although the number of cases was small, the 3-year EFS of the CBT was comparable to that of the Auto-PBSCT for hematological malignancies. However, the high TRM with the CBT requires further improvement as does the high relapse rates for the Auto-PBSCT, especially in neuroblastoma patients. (Korean J Hematol 2007;42:317-324.)