Background-The optimal timing of surgical intervention in asymptomatic patients with severe mitral regurgitation is unclear. We therefore compared the long-term results of early surgery with a conventional treatment strategy. Methods and Results-From 1996 to 2005, 447 consecutive asymptomatic patients (253 men, age 50Ϯ15 years) with severe degenerative mitral regurgitation and preserved left ventricular function were evaluated prospectively. The end point was defined as the composite of operative mortality, cardiac death, repeat mitral valve surgery, and urgent admission due to congestive heart failure during follow-up. Early surgery was performed on 161 patients (operated group), and the conventional treatment strategy was used for 286 patients (conventional treatment group). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of age, gender, euroSCORE (European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation), or ejection fraction. During a median follow-up of 1988 days, there were 2 repeat surgeries and no cardiac deaths or operative mortality in the operated group compared with 12 cardiac deaths, 1 repeat surgery, and 22 admissions for congestive heart failure in the conventional treatment group. The estimated actuarial 7-year cardiac mortality rate was 0% in the operated group and 5Ϯ2% in the conventional treatment group (Pϭ0.008), and for 127 propensity score-matched pairs, the estimated actuarial 7-year event-free survival rate was significantly higher in the operated than in the conventional treatment group (99Ϯ1% versus 85Ϯ4%, Pϭ0.007). In the conventional treatment group, baseline grade of pulmonary hypertension (hazard ratio 1.87, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.87, Pϭ0.003), age (hazard ratio 1.02, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.04, Pϭ0.005), and effective regurgitant orifice area (hazard ratio 2.06, 95% CI 1.11 to 3.82, Pϭ0.02) were independent variables that predicted late development of surgical indications or congestive heart failure on Cox multivariate analysis. Conclusions-Compared with conservative management, the strategy of early surgery was associated with an improved long-term event rate by decreasing cardiac mortality and congestive heart failure hospitalization more effectively in patients with severe degenerative mitral regurgitation. Early surgery may therefore further improve clinical outcomes in asymptomatic severe mitral regurgitation with preserved left ventricular systolic function and a high likelihood of mitral valve repair. (Circulation. 2009;119:797-804.)

Several clinical variables were independent risk factors for development of late significant TR. Early surgical intervention for TR in selected patients with these risk factors may be justified, even though they have only mild TR.