Purpose To characterize diabetic retinal neovascularization and accompanying retinal and vitreal morphological changes using high-resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods A cross-sectional retrospective analysis was performed on 16 eyes of 14 nonconsecutive subjects with proliferative diabetic retinopathy that were seen between August 2011 and December 2011 at the New England Eye Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Patients who had neovascularization of the disc (NVD), neovascularization elsewhere (NVE) and intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMAs) were scanned using OCT scans directly over the region of the abnormal vessels. Results Characteristic changes of the retinal vasculature, retina and vitreous were seen in the 16 eyes with neovascularization. This study describes OCT characteristics of: 1) NVD; 2) NVE; 3) IRMA; 4) NV causing traction without retinal detachment; 5) NV causing traction with retinal detachment. The morphologic appearance of vitreous traction was found to be consistent with previous histological reports. Conclusions It is possible to image diabetic NV using SD-OCT and to visualize the spectrum of retinal, retinal vascular and vitreal changes seen through these areas of abnormal retinal vasculature.

Optical coherence tomography may be useful in characterizing the features, extent, and location of retinitis caused by T. gondii. Specific OCT features may indicate whether the infection is acute phase or becoming quiescent.