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This paper is concerned with an electromagnetic design methodology for a magneto-rheological (MR) valve. In order to improve the performance of the MR valve, the magnetic circuit consisting of the MR fluid, the yoke for forming the magnetic flux path, and the electromagnetic coil should be effectively designed. For this purpose, two effective approaches are proposed: one is to shorten the magnetic flux path by removing the unnecessary bulk of the yoke to improve the static characteristic of the MR valve, and the other is to increase the magnetic reluctance of the magnetic circuit by minimizing the cross-sectional area of the yoke through which the magnetic flux passes to improve the dynamic and hysteretic characteristics. After two MR valves, one is a conventional type valve and the other is the proposed one, are designed and fabricated, their performances are evaluated through magnetic field analysis and a series of basic experiments.

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Maintenance systems are demanded to manage malodor-information and deal effectively with the odor-related civil complaints by constructing the database for sources of malodor compounds in real time. In this paper, to carry out these tasks, a real-time monitering system for malodor based on ubiquitous sensor networks(USN) is presented. The constructed monitering system stores the malodor data collected periodically from industrial complex into the database and shows in real time the circumstances of the odor sources being emitted around the industrial complex by indicating on the map where it is taking place. Besides, by clicking an icon indicating the sensor node on the map, we can figure out what firms are located near the malodor source and possible material related with those firms. The proposed system is considered to enhance the efficiency of management of malodor-emitting firms based on the malodor-related information.