Both mammography and sonography should be considered the next step to evaluate incidental hypermetabolic lesions on 18F-FDG PET-CT because combined BI-RADS assessment provides an excellent negative predictive value for excluding malignancy.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Purpose:To assess the differential imaging findings of metastatic lymph nodes in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and non-squamous cell carcinoma (non-SCC) on neck CT and to facilitate the identification of primary focus before performing a biopsy. Materials and Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 46 patients with SCC and 50 patients with non-SCC who underwent neck CT from January 2006 to January 2011. Patients were divided into two groups; SCC and non-SCC. The total number of lymph nodes was 204 in the SCC group and 530 in the non-SCC group. Two observers were asked to assess the characteristics of abnormal lymph nodes (number, margin types, enhancement patterns, size, bilaterality, calcification, fat infiltration, conglomeration, invasion of adjacent tissue, and nodal distribution). Nodal distribution was evaluated by imaging-based nodal classification on neck CT. Results: Between the SCC group and the non-SCC group except for cases of thyroid cancer, the number of lymph nodes and the number of lymph nodes smaller than 3 cm in the non-SCC group except for cases of thyroid cancer were significantly greater than those in the SCC group (p < 0.05). Conclusion:The number of lymph nodes, the number of lymph nodes smaller than 3 cm, and nodal distribution are helpful in differential diagnosis between SCC and non-SCC before performing a biopsy. (MUO) in 8 cases, nasal cavity in one case, nasopharynx in 8 cases, oral cavity in one case, oropharynx in one case, skin in one case, soft palate in one case, subglottis in one case, tongue in 2 cases, and tonsils in 3 cases. Comparative Study of Lymph Node Metastasis from Squamous CellThe primary sites of non-SCC were breast in one case, cervix in 2 cases, colon in 2 cases, gallbladder in one case, lung in 11 cases, MUO in 4 cases, nasal cavity in one case, nasopharynx in 2 cases, oral cavity in one case, prostate in one case, salivary gland in one case, thyroid in 22 cases, and tongue in one case.

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The plume fruit moth, Grapholita dimorpha Komai, a fruit tree pest occurring in the northeast Asia, was firstly reported to infest apple in Korea in 2009, but its direct damage to other fruit trees has been poorly studied. In this study, we investigated shoots and fruits of both peach and plum trees and compared their damage rates by G. dimorpha to those by G. molesta, a congeneric species. In order to discriminate the two moth species, we developed a molecular diagnosis method using species-specific primer sets on different PCR conditions and distinguished the two species collected from the damaged shoots or fruits. The shoots and fruits of peach were infested mostly by G. molesta. However, in plums, the shoots were damaged by G. molesta and the fruits mostly by G. dimorpha. In addition, these two species showed a clear difference in host preference in fruit damage, where 92.5% of the Grapholita moths collected in peach fruits were identified as G. molesta, but 97.0% of the moths in plum fruits were G. dimorpha. The difference of the damage between the two fruit trees may give important information for monitoring of the two moth species in these orchards.