In this paper, we proposed the equation of the gray-to-gray 3D crosstalk in the field-sequential 3D displays for the first time.With the definition of the proposed 3D crosstalk, we analyzed the gray-to-gray 3D crosstalk under the normal driving condition of active retarder 3D (AR3D) we proposed previously. To suppress the gray-to-gray 3D crosstalk levels, we optimized the overdriving table of the image panel of AR3D prototype. By applying the over-driving method, it was clarified that the equation of the gray-to-gray 3D crosstalk which we proposed was matched very well with the actual images in 3D mode and that the ghost effects were greatly reduced. IntroductionFor the prosperous era of the 3D displays, various types of 3D Display technologies have been proposed [1]. 3D technologies are classified into two major categories of glasses and non-glasses types. Since the viewing position is much free in spite of the requirement of some special glasses, the glasses type 3D displays are pioneering the initial 3D market.Among the various glasses type 3D displays, a field sequential shutter glasses type 3D display with a LCD panel has been introduced [2]. In that technology, each even and odd frame corresponding to the left and the right images are bypassed into the left and right eyes by the sequential operation of the left and right eye shutters in glasses. Therefore, the 2D resolution can be conserved even in the 3D states. However, due to the slow response time and writing speed of the LCD panels, the shutter can be opened in a very short time interval, called the vertical blanking time, leading to poor brightness in 3D modes. Moreover, since the shutter glasses needs batteries to make its active operation, they are still heavy, uncomfortable, and may have some malfunction due to the synchronization of the image panel and the shutter glasses. To overcome these disadvantages, we previously suggested the active retarder 3D (AR3D) technology as a fieldsequential 3D displays [3].In these types of field-sequential 3D displays, the major factor for the clear separation between left and right images is the response time of liquid crystal for the image panel. However, because of different response times in each gray-togray transition, the left and right images can not be clearly separated under some gray transitions showing the slow response time. Moreover, it has not been reported yet to describe quantitatively the gray-to-gray 3D crosstalk (GtoG 3D CT) for such an area of field-sequential 3D technology.In this paper, we first define the equation of the GtoG 3D CT in the field-sequential 3D displays and analyze the individual crosstalk level under normal driving condition of AR3D. To suppress the GtoG 3D CT, we optimize the overdriving table of the image panel of our prototype and then compare the results with the 3D CT levels under normal driving condition. Finally, by comparing the 3D CT values with observed images in 3D mode, we verify the equation of the GtoG 3D CT is suitable to describe characteristics of the ghost wh...

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In this paper, we proposed active retarder 3-D TVs based on inplane switching liquid crystal displays having high image quality of full resolution with polarizer glasses. By designing the optical structure and driving scheme including backlight system, we developed the prototype of 47" full HD AR 3-D TV. A black to white 3-D crosstalk was measured to be less than 2.5% and an average gray to gray 3-D crosstalk was minimized to be less than 2.0% by the help of over driving technology. From the result, we believe that our AR 3-D technology is suitable for TV application with a comfortable polarizer glasses having full resolution and clear 3-D images.

Effect of global warming on the sub-seasonal variability of the Northern Hemispheric winter (NDJFM) Pacific storm-track (PST) activity has been investigated. Previous studies showed that the winter-averaged PST has shifted northward and intensified, which was explained in terms of energy exchange with the mean field. Effect of global warming exhibits spatio-temporal heterogeneity with predominance over the Arctic region and in the winter season. Therefore, seasonal averaging may hide important features on sub-seasonal scales. In this study, distinct sub-seasonal response in storm track activities to winter Northern Hemispheric warming is analyzed applying cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function analysis to ERA5 data. The key findings are as follows. Change in the PST is not uniform throughout the winter; the PST shifts northward in early winter (NDJ) and intensifies in late winter (FM). In early winter, the combined effect of weakened baroclinic process to the south of the climatological PST and weakened barotropic damping to the north is responsible for the northward shift. In late winter, both processes contribute to the amplification of the PST. Further, change in baroclinic energy conversion is quantitatively dominated by eddy heat flux, whereas axial tilting of eddies is primarily responsible for change in barotropic energy conversion. A close relationship between anomalous eddy heat flux and anomalous boundary heating, which is largely determined by surface turbulent heat flux, is also demonstrated.

After produce the extracted wood to silicic acid gel, sodium carbonate and silicon dioxide with application of the making method for carbon dioxide, ignition time, ignition temperature, mass loss rate and critical heat flux are measured according to external radiation source (20, 25, 35 and 50 kW/m 2 ). From the results, pressure impregnation wood to use with water glass and carbon dioxide has fire retardant performance at heat flux (less than 20 kW/m 2 ) of Pre-Flashover fires. If we find out the excellent maxing ratio through continuously study, it might be decided to be able to be utilized as fire-retardant wood.