This study aims to identify factors to be considered when developing Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-integrated classroom models and to suggest a conceptual framework for considering more appropriate classroom models, tailored to the environments and needs of each developing country. In-depth interviews were conducted with experts, yielding many factors to be taken into account when integrating ICT in various educational contexts of developing countries. The factors are categorized into five domains: current status and relevant policies in ICT education, ODA (Official Development Assistance) goals and priority setting, infrastructure and technical challenges, pedagogical methods, and educational resources. Based on the recommendations elicited for the five categories, we suggest a conceptual framework that provides practical guidance on the criteria for selecting classroom models suited to each partner country’s environments and contexts. This study also draws implications from the interviews for classroom design guidelines related to hardware and infrastructure, to improve the sustainability of ICT-integrated classroom projects.

Despite the popular claim that massive open online courses (MOOCs) can democratise educational opportunities, this study suggests that current MOOC platforms are not designed to be accessible and inclusive for learners with disabilities. Our main goals in this study were to identify the needs and barriers that learners with visual impairments face when learning with mobile devices in MOOCs and to make recommendations for designing MOOCs that are more accessible and inclusive. We conducted this study in two phases: a user study (Phase I) and a heuristic walkthrough (Phase II). In Phase I, we conducted a user study with three university students with visual impairments to identify their needs and the barriers to learning that they encounter in mobile MOOC platforms. In Phase II, five evaluators conducted a heuristic walkthrough based on Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 (World Wide Web Consortium, 2008) to examine the degree of accessibility of a MOOC platform. Overall, the results indicate that serious accessibility issues exist in MOOC platforms, preventing learners with visual impairments from fully participating in learning activities. We conclude this paper by recommending ways to design mobile MOOCs to make them more accessible for learners with visual impairments.

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With the help of learning analytics, MOOCs have wider potential to succeed in learning through promoting self-regulated learning (SRL). The current study aims to apply and validate visualization design guidelines for a MOOC dashboard to enhance such SRL capabilities based on learning analytics. To achieve the research objective, a MOOC dashboard prototype, LM-Dashboard, was designed and developed, reflecting the visualization design guidelines to promote SRL. Then, both expert and learner participants evaluated LM-Dashboard through iterations to validate the visualization design guidelines and perceived SRL effectiveness. The results of expert and learner evaluations indicated that most of the visualization design guidelines on LM-Dashboard were valid and some perceived SRL aspects such as monitoring a student's learning progress and assessing their achievements with time management were beneficial. However, some features on LM-Dashboard should be improved to enhance SRL aspects related to achieving their learning goals with persistence. The findings suggest that it is necessary to offer appropriate feedback or tips as well as to visualize learner behaviors and activities in an intuitive and efficient way for the successful cycle of SRL. Consequently, this study contributes to establishing a basis for the visual design of a MOOC dashboard for optimizing each learner's SRL.

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