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Background/AimsMigraine is frequently accompanied by symptoms consistent with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). This study evaluated the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal symptoms and assessed the symptoms' relationship with the concomitant functional symptoms of anxiety, depression, and headache-related disability.MethodsThis prospective study included 109 patients with migraine who were recruited from a headache clinic at a teaching hospital. The participants completed a self-administered survey that collected information on headache characteristics, functional gastrointestinal symptoms (using Rome III criteria to classify FGID), anxiety, depression, and headache-related disability.ResultsIn total, 71% of patients met the Rome III criteria for at least one FGID. In patients with FGID, irritable bowel syndrome was the most common symptom (40.4%), followed by nausea and vomiting syndrome (24.8%) and functional dyspepsia (23.9%). Depression and anxiety scores were significantly higher in patients meeting the criteria for any FGID. The number of the symptoms consistent with FGID in individual patients correlated positively with depression and anxiety.ConclusionsFGID symptoms defined by the Rome III criteria are highly prevalent in migraine. These symptoms correlate with psychological comorbidities, such as depression and anxiety.

Carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) are directly spun from a floatingcatalyst chemical vapor deposition apparatus using gas-phase carbon and an iron nanocatalyst. The essential synthesis and post-treatment factors that affect the strength of CNTFs are investigated to obtain CNTFs with greater strength than those of any previously reported high-performance fibers. The key factors optimized included the degree of rotational flow inside the reactor, the ratio of the starting materials, and the postsynthesis treatment conditions. The formation of rotational gas flow inside the reactor was confirmed by computational fluid dynamics simulations, and the feed ratio of the starting materials was optimized through response surface methodology. In addition, a reproducible and highly efficient postsynthesis treatment method was established. Pristine CNTFs with a high specific strength (SS) (average 2.2 N/tex, max. 2.3 N/tex) were synthesized through decreased rotational flow and optimization of the CNTF synthesis conditions. To improve the SS of the CNTFs further, we adopted an acid wet-stretching method that included washing and heat treatment. This drastically increased the SS of the CNTFs (average 5.5 N/tex, max. 6.4 N/tex) because of the decrease in the volume of the pores between the CNT bundles.

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