Processes of aerobic biological puri®cation by pilot bio®lters of chemical enterprise sewage (COD 14 g dm )3 ) and recirculating waters of atomic power station contaminated with oil products (10±270 mg dm )3 ) have been investigated. Fibrous materials were used as biomass carriers. These have been manufactured from thermoplastics (polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide) by melt-blowing technique. New polymeric ®brous carriers (PFC) of optimized composition, structure and shape are superior to common carriers (claydite, porous ceramics, foamed polyurethane) by speci®c sorption capacity towards complex associations of microorganisms. In contrast to bio®lters ®lled with claydite, those ®lled with PFC are characterized by accelerated transfer to stationary working regime, above 90% of biopuri®cation ef®ciency of high-loaded industrial wastewaters and process stability at toxic actions of biomass, as well as reduced aero-and hydrodynamic resistance of the ®ltering biolayer. Prospects of improving the bio®lter operation are discussed, in particular, by means of carrier modi®cation: ®ber ®lling with magnetic or electroconductive substances, adhesive ®xation of adsorbents on the ®bers, etc. Such PFC can be related to a promising generation of biosorbents and biomass carriers.

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Отработаны условия получения альгинатных и хитозановых матриксов c антимикробными веществами (АМВ), выделенных из Bacillus lentus, Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius и Paenibacillus polymyxa. Исследованы зависимости формы матриксов от состава используемых ингредиентов и времени нахождения в жидкости. Показано влияние способа высушивания на целостность матрикса гранул и динамику потери их активности в отношении тест-штаммов. Установлено, что лиофилизация альгинатных гранул вызывала частичную деструкцию матриксов, сопровождаемую снижением антимикробного потенциала дозированной формы, что практически не наблюдалось после конвективного высушивания тех же образцов. При нахождении в воде в условиях комнатной температуры в течение месяца все варианты гранул не растворялись, но постепенно теряли активность. Более стабильные результаты по сохранению антимикробной активности показали варианты альгинатных гранул с хитозановым покрытием. Образцы чисто хитозановых микогранул были на порядок мельче альгинатных и хорошо сохраняли активность. Полученные данные по иммобилизации лабораторных образцов АМВ природного происхождения в альгинатные и хитозановые матриксы могут быть использованы при получении систем контролируемой доставки перспективных лекарственных средств. Ключевые слова: антимикробные вещества, бациллы, иммобилизация, альгинат, хитозан, гранулы. IMMOBILIZATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL BACTERIAL SUBSTANCES ONTO Conditions for producing alginate and chitosan matrices carrying antimicrobial substances (AMS) isolated fromBacillus lentus, Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius, and Paenibacillus polymyxa have been worked out. The dependence of the matrix shape on ingredients used and the residence time in the liquid has been studied. Influence of the drying procedure on the granule matrix intactness as well as on the dynamics of loosing activity toward test strains by them has been shown. Lyophilization of alginate granules was found to partially destruct the matrices along with decreasing in the antimicrobial potential of the dosage form while those were practically avoided during convective drying of the same specimens. While being kept in water at room temperature for a month, granules of all versions didn't dissolve but lost gradually their activity. More consistent results for chitosan-covered alginate granules have been obtained. Specimens of chitosan microgranules were smaller by order of magnitude compared to alginate ones, retaining successfully their activities. The laboratory data on immobilizing AMS specimens of the natural origin onto alginate and chitosan matrices can be used for designing systems for target delivery of promising therapeutics.

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