No abstract
The aim: To study the association between T344C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of aldosteronesynthase (ALS) gene CYP11B2 (rs1799998) with anthropometric, clinical, haemodynamic, structural and metabolic parameters of patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and abdominal obesity (AO).Materials and methods: 112 patients with AH II stage, 2–3 degrees with AO aged 45–69 years were surveyed. Control group is composed of 28 healthy city residents of the appropriate age and gender. Haemodynamicparameters, blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance test, the expanded lipid spectrum, aldosterone levels wereevaluated. Genotyping of T344C SNP of ALS gene CYP11B2 was performed by polymerase chain reaction inreal-time. Statistical data processing was carried out using SPSS packages.Results: The distribution of T344C SNP genotypes of ALS gene CYP11B2 among healthy individuals andpatients with AH and AO does not significantly differ and is similar to that in the European population. Theserum level of HDL-C in patients with TT genotype was significantly higher than in patients with TC genotype(p = 0.01). The association between TT + TC genotypes of ALS gene CYP11B2 and left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) (p < 0.05) in the examined patients was shown. The significant direct correlations between «hypertensive» T allele of aldosterone synthase gene frequency and the duration of AH and the severity of LVH werefound.Conclusions: The associations between TT + TС genotypes T344C SNP of ALS gene, and the presence ofLVH as well as between TT genotypes and elevated serum level HDL-C in AH patients with AO were established.
В огляді висвітлюються питання та перспективи превентивного харчування при гіпертонічній хворобі на тлі аліментарного ожиріння, роль і місце окремих нутрієнтів у дієтах, що рекомендуються пацієнтам із гіпертонічною хворобою й ожирінням високого кардіоваскулярного ризику з ішемічною хворобою серця, дисліпідеміями, порушеннями вуглеводного та пуринового обмінів. Коментуються американські та українські рекомендації з харчування і модифікації стилю життя, результати багатоцентрових досліджень при гіпертонічній хворобі й ожирінні, європейські дієтичні раціони з доведеною ефективністю (DASH-дієта, Mediterranean Diet, MIND, TLC, дієти Орніша, Polymeal, Omni Heart, клініки Майо, Paleolithic diet, Weight Watchers, дієти LCHF, South Beach, методика MEDFICTS зі скринінгу харчових жирів), особливості їх призначення при гіпертонічній хворобі, ожирінні, цукровому діабеті 2-го типу, атеросклерозі, короткі рекомендації з розширення фізичної активності в даної категорії пацієнтів.
A review of foreign and native sources of literature from scientometric databases provides data on the harmful and beneficial properties of such well-known nutrients as table salt and sugar in essential hypertension and associated diseases, primarily in abdominal obesity and diabetes mellitus. The historical aspects of obtaining these nutrients, their participation in the pathogenesis of hypertension, the physiology of sodium and glucose metabolism are considered; the evidence base for prospective epidemiological studies is provided; the negative impact of these products on the intestinal microbiota, alarming statistics of salt and added free sugar abuse in population of different countries, social, economic and medical aspects of excess salt and sugar as risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases emergence and progression of arterial hypertension are noted. The methods for assessing their amount in food, approaches to inhibiting salt and sugar-rich food abuse are given; the attention on the materials of the WHO, European, American, and Ukrainian guidelines on the safe amount of both nutrients is focused. The paper gives advice on rational nutrition of patients and options for modern diets, first of all, a low-salt DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) from the standpoint of salt and sugar limiting.
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