Aims: This work aimed to evaluate the nutritional benefits of honey and garlic (Allium sativum) in five different dietary inclusions on the blood and plasma-antioxidant profile of Clarias gariepinus. Methodology: Five treatments; control T1 (0%), T2 (0.5% honey), T3 (1% honey), T4 (0.5% garlic), and T5 (1% honey) were designed for a 30-days study. The garlic (powder form) and honey were incorporated into the feed by firstly mixing it with water in a 2:1 ratio and sprayed over the feed (kg) and sundried before feeding it to the fish. Results: The results indicated a significant difference (P < .05) in the haematological profile of the T2-T5 treatment groups compared to the T1 control group, except for neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. It was noted that the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels showed a significant difference (P < .05). However, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), showed an insignificant variation (P > .05). Conclusion: The results indicated that honey and garlic increased the haematological and antioxidant indices of the supplemented groups (T2-T5) compared with the control group (T1). As a result, the study suggests the use of honey and garlic in aquaculture should be adopted to boost fish well-being.

Extensive use of herbicides poses a serious threat to aquatic life due to runoff from treated fields. A static bioassay method was used to evaluate the toxicity of acute exposure to glyphosate on Clarias gariepinus behaviour and haematological parameters. Glyphosate was tested at varying concentrations (0.72, 1.44, 2.16, and 2.88 mg/l (control), 0.72, 1.44, 2.16, and 2.88 mg/l) for 96 hours in the laboratory. Significant (P < .05) dose-dependent behavioural and morphological changes of respiratory disturbance, erratic swimming, loss of equilibrium, mucous secretion, and mortality were recorded in the surviving fish. Erythrocyte (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and leukocyte (WBC) values decreased significantly (P < .05) in treated fish as compared with controls. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were not significantly different (P >.05) between the treated and control fish. Insignificant dose-dependent changes in the counts of neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, and eosinophils were also induced by glyphosate. The variations seen in this study demonstrated that glyphosate had a detrimental effect on the health of the fish. Educating farmers on recommended modes for the administration of glyphosate-herbicides on farmlands should be implemented and enhanced.