Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) disease was confirmed in West African Dwarf goats. They were managed symptomatically with antibiotics and antidarrhoeics. Following clinical recovery, faeces were collected every week from 40 recovered goats to monitor excretion of the PPR virus haemagglutinins in their faeces. All the 40 recovered goats shed the PPR virus haemagglutinins for 11 weeks post recovery. Nine goats (22.5%) continued shedding the viral antigen 12 weeks post recovery. There was correlation between weekly mean haemagglutination titre of the PPR virus and time post recovery with r = -0.7504 (p < 0.01).

Effects a synthetic Aluminium-Magnesium Silicate [AMS] has on Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) were tested. Equal amounts of AIV samples and of the AMS were mixed, kept one hour at room temperature before centrifuging. The supernatants were remeasured and tested for, viral titre, Mean Death Time (MDT) and Mortality Rate of chicken Embryos (EMR). Volumes of the viral samples reduced at rate of 23.4% ± 5.48%. Viral titres reduced significantly (P < 0.01) from HA, 73 ± 32.72 to 1.4 ± 0.43. Also, EMR of infected chicken embryos reduced from 100% to 65%, while MDT of those that died,increased significantly (P < 0.01) from 76 ± 4.38 to 136 ±18.93 hours. When incubation with AMS was repeated on portions of an AIV sample, MDT increased from 64 to 104 hours with the portion incubated once. AIV portions on which incubation with AMS was repeated could not kill chicken embryos

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Growth and microbial protein production on hydrolyzed cassava peel waste by Trichoderma viride and Lactobacillus delbrueckii NRRL B-763 were investigated. Trichoderma viride was selected based on its high cellulase activity on fi lter paper (2.91 mg glucose/mL), cotton wool (3.08 mg glucose/mL) and carboxymethylcellulose (3.46 mg glucose/ mL) while Lactobacillus delbrueckii NRRL B-763 produced 5.84 mg protein/g in cassava peel after 72 h. Samples of cassava peel were hydrolyzed with the solutions of HCl, H 2 SO 4 and NaOH at 0.5% concentration. The hydrolysate was neutralized to pH 6.5 and supplemented with KH 2 PO 4 (5% w/v), urea (2.7% w/v) and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 (9% w/v). The hydrolysates produced by the solutions of HCl contained higher reducing sugar and soluble sugar content than H 2 SO 4 and NaOH hydrolysates. The culture of Trichoderma viride was used in single culture fermentation of hydrolyzed cassava peels or in mixed culture fermentation with Lactobacillus delbrueckii NRRL B-763. Protein yield produced in 0.5% HCl hydrolysates was signifi cantly (p ≤ 0.01) higher than that in H 2 SO 4 . The unhydrolyzed control samples produced the lowest protein. This study demonstrated the potential of cassava peel waste as a substrate for a recycling process and by-product recovery.

Effects of a synthetic Aluminium-Magnesium Silicate [AMS] on Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) were tested. Equal amounts of H 5 N 1 AIV samples and of AMS were mixed, left one hour, at room teperature before centrifuging. The supernatants were remeasured and tested for viral titre, for Mean Death Time (MDT) and Embryo Mortality Rate (EMR) of chicken eggs. Volumes of the viral samples reduced at rate of 23.4 ± 5.48 %. Viral titres reduced significantly (P from HA, 73 ± 32.72 to 1.4 ±0.43. Also, mortality of infected embryos reduced from 100 % to 65% while MDT of those that died,increased significantly (P = 0.001) from 76 ± 4.38 to 130 ±17.27 hours .When incubation with AMS was repeated on portions of same sample ,MDT increased from 64 to 104 hours with the portion incubated once .Two AIV portions on which incubation with AMS was repeated could not kill chick embryos. Background. Avian Influenza Viruses are enveloped, single stranded RNA viruses.Two different protein projections cover their envelopes. These are the Haemagglutinin (H) and the Nueraminidase (N) antigens. Combinations of the H and the N antigens is an important property of Influenza viruses because, it allows for resortment when two Influenza viruses replicate in same cell at the same time. Influenza viruses are classified into types, A, B and C, based on antigenic differences of their neuclocapsid and of their matrix proteins 1 .Avian Influenza Viruses are Influenza A viruses 2 .