The main areas of application of matrix photodetectors are considered. The features of the matrix photodetector device are considered, consisting in the presence of a certain distance between the elements of the photodetector. The principle of formation of blind spots formed on the interelement space in a matrix photodetector is shown. The main methods of reducing the blind spot zone, including the use of methods to increase the resolution, are given. A schematic diagram of image formation by a single-lens optycal system is considered. The disadvantages of such a system are shown, the ratio for calculating the size of blind spots of the optical system is given. An optical scheme of the lens for a matrix photodetector has been developed, which includes raster optical elements and fiber optic cables. The application of the developed scheme for the selected photodetector is considered. A decrease in the blind spots of the photodetector is shown, as well as an increase in its resolution.

The prism deflector which is a multifaceted prism with reflective facets is the most common scanning element that allows to quickly fill a wide scanning area with laser radiation pulses along one coordinate. The parameters of a prismatic deflector are related to the characteristics of the laser radiation of the scanned area parameters and of the deflector position, and are also limited by various factors, such as safety requirements or scanning time. The aim of this work was to analyze the relationship between the external operating conditions of a laser scanning system and the internal design parameters of a prism deflector.A variant of calculating of laser pulses frequency by the number of spots and their overlap coefficient is considered. A method for calculating of a prism deflector characteristics based on external parameters, such as the angle of incidence of radiation to the facet and the width of the Gaussian beam with dimensions that are safe for а human eye is proposed. Рrismatic deflectors parameters are proposed depending on the number of reflecting facets. Dependence of a deflector size on the angle of radiation incidence to the reflecting face is shown.When designing a prismatic deflector of a laser scanner used to fill a certain scanning area with the required angular size σ by varying such parameters as the number of faces m and the feed angle α it is possible to achieve optimal deflector characteristics and scanning mode for the task.

A prism deflector, which is a multifaceted prism with reflective edges, is the most common scanning element that allows fast filling of a wide scanning area with laser radiation pulses along one coordinate. To carry out the movement of laser radiation along the second coordinate of the region under study a second scanning element, for example, a flat oscillating mirror, should be used. The overall dimensions of the scanning elements and the scanning unit as a whole depend on the free parameters that are set at the system development stage. The paper proposes a mathematical model designed for automated calculation of a scanning unit consisting of a prism deflector, a fixed flat mirror, an oscillating flat mirror, and a laser exit window. The described model makes it possible to calculate the overall parameters of system optical elements and the layout of the block based on the required characteristics of the scanned area and free parameters, which include the angle of radiation supply to the face of the prism deflector, the tilt angle of the fixed mirror, and one of the coordinates of the laser output window position relatively to the center of the prism deflector. In this case, the first two mentioned parameters are of the greatest interest from the point of view of minimizing and optimizing the overall dimensions of the scanning elements and the scanning unit as a whole. Based on the above model, an analysis of the dependence of the overall dimensions of the scanning elements and the scanning unit as a whole was carried out. The paper describes the layout features of the scanning unit. Recommendations for choosing the value of such free parameters as the angle of radiation supply to the face of the prism deflector and the angle of inclination of a flat fixed mirror are given. The obtained results can be used in the development of automated systems for the design of laser scanning devices.