The problem of human health is considered from the perspective of modern holistic scientific and philosophical knowledge about a person in the key theoretical, methodological, and praxeological terms. The authors argue that in sociocultural, pedagogical, and biomedical bodies of knowledge, the general principles of the optimal existence of a person in harmony with the world are reflected. Accordingly, philosophical and anthropological knowledge is the conceptual basis of general knowledge about human health as about achieving internal and external harmony of existence. A common understanding of health includes health in the socio-cultural, individual-personal, valeological, sociological, and biomedical aspects.