To explore how a succession of bacteria grown on steel coupons in a marine environment can influence their corrosion process, we designed a microcosm in laboratory to evaluate corrosion kinetics and microbial diversity over 30 days. The results described a clear influence of corrosion by a succession of different bacterial groups. During the initial period, 2-7 days, a sharp increase in the rate of corrosion was detected accompanied by the presence of Alteromonadaceae, Vibrionaceae, Oceanospirillaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Rhodospirillaceae and Flavobacteriaceae bacteria families. After 15 days, representatives of families Piscirickettsiaceae and Pseudomonadaceae were also described, accompanied by a continuous corrosion process over the coupons. After 30 days, there was a sudden change in the profile of the bacteria present on the steel coupons, with a prevalence of Halomonadaceae family species, and establishment and continuity of the corrosion process by the biofilm grown on the coupons. The results describe differences in microbial diversity over the time, highlighting certain bacterial lithotrophic species that persisted for most of the experiment, through a complex association between bacteria and metal surfaces, which can be a new starting point for development and maintenance of a favorable microenvironment to accelerate corrosion processes.