Latar belakang: Infeksi kronis dari soil transmitted helminth (STH) dapat menyebabkan gangguan gizi, pertumbuhan dan kognitif pada anak. Untuk mengurangi dampak infeksi STH, diperlukan identifikasi faktor risiko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan infeksi STH pada siswa sekolah dasar di Desa Seraya Timur, Karangasem, Bali. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan mengambil total sampel. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari 2020. Data primer mengenai faktor-faktor risiko infeksi STH dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Diagnosis infeksi STH dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan tinja dengan metode Kato-Katz. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square untuk menentukan faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan infeksi STH. Hasil: Sebanyak 83 siswa yang berusia 6-12 tahun berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Terdapat 9 siswa (10.84%) yang terinfeksi STH dengan intensitas infeksi ringan. Sebanyak 55.56% terinfeksi Trichuris trichiura, 33.33% terinfeksi Ascaris lumbricoides dan 11.11% terinfeksi cacing tambang. Terdapat beberapa faktor risiko yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan infeksi STH diantaranya adalah sering bermain tanah (OR=6.86; 95%CI 1.326-35.494), bermain tanpa alas kaki (OR=10.5; 95%CI 1.249-88.278) tidak mencuci tangan setelah bermain tanah (OR=9.450; 95%CI 1.809-49.358) dan tidak memotong kuku secara rutin (OR=6.462; 95%CI 1.250-33.388).  Pemberian obat cacing setiap enam bulan mampu memberikan efek proteksi terhadap infeksi STH (OR=0.085; 95%CI 0.016-0.449). Kesimpulan: Kebersihan diri menjadi faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan infeksi STH. Direkomendasikan untuk meningkatkan promosi kesehatan terkait kebersihan diri disamping pemberian obat cacing setiap enam bulan. Kata kunci: Faktor risiko, infeksi STH, anak sekolah dasar   Abstract   Background: Chronic soil transmitted helminth (STH) infection might cause nutritional, growth and cognitive impairment in children. Identifying the risk factors of STH infection is crucially needed to minimize the infection effects. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with STH infections among primary school students in Seraya Timur Village, Karangasem, Bali. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with a total sampling method. The study was conducted in January 2020. Risk factors data were collected using a questionnaire. The diagnosis of STH infection was done by stool examination with the Kato-Katz method. The chi-square test was used to determine the risk factors associated with STH infection. Results: 83 students with ages ranging from 6-12 years participated in this study. There were 9 students (10.84%) whose infected with mild infection of STH. 55.56% of students were infected by Trichuris trichiura, 33.33% were Ascaris lumbricoides infections and 11.11% were hookworm infections. There were several risk factors that significantly associated with STH infection including ground’s playing (OR=6.86; 95%CI 1.326-35.494), barefoot (OR=10.5; 95%CI 1.249-88.278), did not wash hands after playing soil (OR=9.450; 95%CI 1.809-49.358) and did not routinely cut their nails (OR=6.462; 95%CI 1.250-33.388). Deworming every six months could provide a protective effect against STH infection (OR=0.085; 95%CI 0.016-0.449). Conclusion: Personal hygiene is a risk factor associated with STH infection. It is recommended to increase personal hygiene promotion besides dewormed every six months. Keywords: Risk factors, STH infection, primary school students

The Government of Indonesia has started to implement a Large-Scale Social Limitation (PSBB) in cities and provinces in Indonesia to prevent the increasing of COVID-19 transmission. The Denpasar city as one of the cities that implemented a similar system. This study was aims to provide an overview of the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in the Denpasar community during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was an observational descriptive study with cross-sectional design. The data collection used Google forms that distributed online. There were 160 respondents participated in this study, dominated by women (56.9%), domiciled in South Denpasar (35.0%), living with family or relatives (85.6%), aged 18-25 years old (63.7%), had diploma or bachelor degree as their education background (55.0%), unmarried (66.3%), students (38.8%), and no income (44.4%). The results showed that respondents had 1-2 offspring (53.7%), did not experience layoffs (83.9%), and experienced a decrease in income (67.0%), dominant respondents experienced psychosocial disorders in the form of depression (51.2%) with a moderate degree (31.7%) and the anxiety (53.1%) with a mild degree (40.0%). Most respondents did not experience stress (53.1%). In conclusion, the characteristics of respondents' psychosocial disorders were moderate depression, mild anxiety, and did not stress.

Pendahuluan. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) merupakan perhitungan logaritma rasio antara trigliserida terhadap kolesterol HDL sebagai penanda abnormalitas profil lipid. Pada pasien COVID-19 dengan komorbiditas diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2, tingginya nilai AIP berpotensi memperburuk kondisi pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai korelasi antara AIP dengan length of stay (LOS) pada pasien COVID-19 dengan DM tipe 2.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan medis online pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19 dengan komorbiditas DM tipe 2 yang dirawat di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar selama periode 1 Agustus-31 Desember 2021. Sampel yang berusia <18 tahun dan tidak memiliki data profil lipid selama perawatan, dieksklusi dari penelitian ini.Hasil. Terdapat 83 data sampel yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Median usia pasien secara keseluruhan adalah 64 (rentang 23-91) tahun, mayoritas adalah laki-laki (59%; n=49), dan meninggal dalam perawatan sebanyak 30 pasien (36,1%). Median LOS seluruh pasien adalah 10 (1-26) hari. Pasien dengan prolonged LOS (≥10 hari) memiliki kadar trigliserida (171,8 vs. 120 mg/ dL; p<0,001) dan nilai AIP (0,442 vs. 0,286; p=0,02) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang tidak mengalami prolonged LOS. Terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara nilai AIP dan LOS pada pasien COVID-19 dengan DM tipe 2 (r=0,632; p<0,001). Nilai AIP dapat mendiskriminasi kondisi prolonged LOS dengan baik (AUC=0,883; IK95% 0,792-0,974) dengan nilai cut-off optimal adalah ≥0,3045 (sensitivitas: 75,9% dan spesifisitas: 83,3%).Kesimpulan. Nilai AIP berkorelasi dengan prolonged LOS pada pasien COVID-19 dengan DM tipe 2. Manajemen holistik pasien COVID-19 dengan DM tipe 2 sangat dibutuhkan, termasuk kendali profil lipid.

Background and Aims This study aims to determine the risk factors of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a patient with all types of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods and Results This study was carried out using the analytical observational and cross-sectional design methods. Data were collected from 219 patients diagnosed with all types of CVD at Sanglah Hospital from January 2021 – April 2021. The result showed that the majority of the patients were male (n = 116, 53%), with a median of age 53 (14-80). Coronary artery disease (CAD) was the most common CVD found in patients (n = 111, 50.7%), while the most common comorbidity in patients were CKD (n = 162, 74%). Obesity (p = 0.030; PR: 1.879; 95%CI: 1.097-3.219) and CAD (p = 0.029; PR: 1.774; 95%CI: 1.046-3.011) were significantly associated with DMT2, while age (p = 0.000; PR: 1.435; 95%CI: 1.180-1.745), and hypertension heart disease (HHD) (p = 0.008; PR: 1.243; 95%CI: 1.072-1.440) were significantly associated with CKD. Meanwhile, age &gt; 50 years old (p = 0.004; PR: 5.740; 95%CI: 1.384-23.803), HHD (p = 0.035; PR: 2.385; 95%CI: 1.050-5.419), and CAD (p = 0.009, PR: 4.091; 95 %CI: 1.253-13.354) were significantly associated with DMT2 comorbid with CKD. In logistic regression analysis, age (p = 0.015; PR: 2.909; 95%CI: 1.235-6.852), and obesity (p = 0.023, PR: 2.765; 95%CI: 1.149-6.307) were significantly associated with DMT2. Conclusion Clinical characteristics and medical history of the patient are significantly associated with DMT2 and CKD. Early intervention against these factors tends to improve the outcome of the patient.