In recent years, the use of small-scale liquefied natural gas (LNG) has grown alongside demand from industrial users of natural gas. Small-scale LNG is an alternative to the supply of natural gas to remote areas with a cost-effectiveness challenge. To address this challenge, five mobile power plants located in remote areas with limited depth of water level in western Indonesia are used here as a case study. The objective of this paper is to optimize LNG distribution using small-scale LNG carriers and carry out an economic analysis in this region. The capacitated vehicle routing problem model was used to optimize the maritime routing of a small-scale LNG supply chain. The maximization of the volume cargo with a given LNG vessel capacity set as the objective function was therefore provided with the optimum inventory routing and economic analysis of the transport of LNG. Cluster 1 serves three power plants with a total demand of 966 m 3 /day and a distance is 913 Nautical Miles, while cluster 2 serves two power plants with a total demand of 690 m 3 /day and distance of 1,483 Nautical Miles. Economic analysis of the two clusters shows that there is a minimum difference in the margin rate needed to make it worth the investment, which is 3 USD/MMBTU for cluster 1 and 4 USD/MMBTU for cluster 2. Thus, this paper concludes that the cost of LNG transportation depends on the amount of cargo demand and shipping distances.

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Biaya pengapalan LNG yang tinggi mengakibatkan tingginya harga gas yang digunakan sebagai bahan bakar pembangkit listrik. Selain itu, pembangunan unit pembangkitan baru di Cilamaya dan peningkatan kapasitas daya UP Grati mengakibatkan peningkatan permintaan akan LNG. Perencanaan terminal regasifikasi di Jawa Timur diharapkan dapat menunjang pemenuhan kebutuhan akan LNG di UP Gresik dan Grati. Penyedia sarana pembangkit tenaga mengharapkan biaya LNG di Unit Pembangkitan lebih rendah dari nilai 14,5% Indonesian Crude Price (ICP). Permasalahan tersebut akan diselesaikan dengan model optimisasi pendistribusian LNG yang berasal dari 3 (tiga) kilang produksi, yaitu Badak LNG, Donggi Senoro LNG dan Tangguh LNG menuju 3 (tiga) terminal penerima LNG di Jawa. Model optimisasi tersebut menghasilkan 4 pilihan kapal yang digunakan dengan biaya total sebesar Rp34.620.155.621.573 untuk memenuhi permintaan akan LNG yang berjumlah 16.244.803 m 3 dan biaya satuan LNG $7,53/MBTU. Perencanaan terminal regasifikasi yang dilakukan menghasilkan dua unit tangki penyimpanan berkapasitas 75.000 m 3 dan biaya per tahun sebesar Rp561.191.198.608.

Wooden boats operating throughout an archipelagic country play an important role in connecting in particular remote areas and small islands. Those boats are deployed by traditional merchant shipping, also known as Pelra, abbreviated from Pelayaran Rakyat meaning Pelople’s Shipping. They carry nearly all types of cargoes, and usually a family business. Efforts to alleviate its role are necessary, from various aspects. The duration of shipments of cargo by using Pelra ships is long, the impacts on the cashflow of many parties are immediately afected. The growth of internet usage open a window of opportunity to improve this situation, by introducing e-Payment system. This paper outlines this effort by applying the Intelligent Transpotation System (ITS) architecture. A Pelra route Surabaya-Bima serves a case study to investigate the viability of the e-payment. The study concludes that introduction of an e-payment system is promising.

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