The issues related to the feasibility study of the effectiveness of the use of 3D printing technology in residential construction are considered. The criteria for efficiency are indicated such as minimum human labor and minimum direct costs per m2 of the total area of a residential facility. It is noted that direct costs include the cost of materials, human labor, the operation of machinery. In the process of calculating performance indicators, the greatest difficulty arises with determining the cost of 3D printer, the value of which depends on the annual fund of the printer operation time, its performance and the cost of operation machine-hour. The cost of a machine-hour contains the cost of depreciation, human labor costs, the replacement of high-wear parts and units of machines, for energy, maintenance, relocation and installation of machines on the construction site. For each of the indicated cost elements, methodical approaches are proposed and corresponding calculation schemes are presented. From the data obtained as a calculation result, it follows that to the greatest extent, the cost of operating machines per m3 of concrete mix, depends on the printer’s performance, and in the cost structure of a machine-hour the depreciation costs comprise the maximum share determined as a percentage of the cost of the unit. In this regard, as one of the strategic directions of expanding the use of 3D-additive construction technologies, the cost reduction of modern printers is indicated.

The article describes the study of the possibility of heliothermic treatment of concrete products in the climatic conditions of a particular region. Sufficient intensity of solar radiation in the summer months, including the observed significant clouds accompanied by precipitation, allows establishing a thermal regime in the solar cells of the covering type, which provides the required strength set for shipment during the day. The subsequent tests showed high strength characteristics of the manufactured products of samples whose numerical values are not inferior to those obtained by traditional heat treatment. The introduction of solar thermal treatment in the production of concrete products will save energy for 180-200 R/m3 of products.

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This article proposes a method for assessing the competitiveness of building 3D printers based on a comparison of their technical and technological characteristics and economic parameters. The methodology implements an integrated approach that takes into account a large number of comparison parameters of a different nature based on the use of relative indicators. The calculation takes into account the design characteristics of printers, the characteristics of the manufacturability of the printing process, the characteristics of printed building objects and the economic parameters of printers. So, for low-rise construction, the essential parameters are: printing speed, the ratio of the print area and the overall dimensions of the printer, the ability to work with low-flow mixtures and with various building mixtures without readjustment, reducing the defectiveness of the printed layer and energy consumption. The most competitive is the printer that provides more units of useful effect, determined by a set of technical and technological characteristics, per unit of costs associated with the purchase of a printer, its energy consumption, the laboriousness of maintenance and installation and dismantling at a construction site. As a result of assessing the competitiveness of various types of printers, it was revealed that the leader for low-rise construction is the portal printer BOD2 2-2-2 of the Danish company COBOD BOD2. For printing building products and structures in a production environment, the FIXED robotic arm from the Netherlands has a competitive advantage. CyBe Construction. The considered approach to assessing the competitiveness of building 3D printers is of practical interest to their manufacturers. The new knowledge about the significance of the design solutions of 3D printers, obtained as a result of the implementation of the proposed methodology, creates strategic guidelines for domestic manufacturers.

Abstract. The design of an external wall is proposed, it allows for efficient utilization of solar energy to reduce the load on buildings heating. A special feature of the technical solution is the location of thermal insulation from the inside of the energy-active fence with air space formation relative to the accumulating layer. The given design makes it possible to avoid accommodations overcooling in case of adverse weather conditions during the cold season and overheating during warm weather. It was proposed to base costs increase for energy-saving buildings construction including those with integrated solar radiation conversion systems and to use the methodology for estimating additional technical solutions based on the calculation of economic efficiency.