The synergy problem was discussed linking Se nanoparticles and different soil fertility agents. Se zero-valent-state nanoparticles were investigated as fertilizers and antioxidants. A technology was proposed for producing Se zero-valent-state nanoparticles. Se nanoparticles were obtained by laser ablation of Se in water using a fiber ytterbium laser, with a wavelength between 1060 and 1070 nm, a pulse repetition rate of 20 kHz, a pulse duration of 80 ns, and an average power of 20 W, and a copper vapor laser with wavelengths of 510.6 and 578.2 nm and an average power of 8 W. The main particle mass part shifted from 800 nm to a size less than 100 nm, corresponding to the increase in the laser fragmentation time. The resulting nanoparticles were monodisperse in size and mass. The Se nanoparticle water suspension was introduced into the soil. The soil Se nanoparticle concentrations were about 1, 5, 10, and 25 μg kg –1 . An experiment was carried out in a climate chamber in two series: (1) growing plants in soil imitating the standard organogenesis environment conditions such as illumination of 16 h per day, temperature of 22 °C, soil humidity of 25% SDW, and an experiment duration of 30 days and (2) growing plants in soil under changing environmental conditions of organogenesis. The standard environmental conditions for the first 10 days are illumination of 16 h day –1 , temperature of 22 °C, and soil humidity of 25% SDW. The plant stress for 5 days is hyperthermia of 40 °C. The standard environmental conditions for the next 15 days are illumination of 16 h day –1 , temperature of 22 °C, and soil humidity of 25% SDW. At standard organogenesis, the plant leaf plate surface area was 30 ± 2 cm 2 in the control option, and the Se nanoparticle doses were correspondingly 1 μg kg –1 for 32 ± 3 cm 2 , 5 μg kg –1 for 37 ± 2 cm 2 , 10 μg kg –1 for 38 ± 3 cm 2 , and 25 μg kg –1 for 28 ± 4 cm 2 . Hyperthermia stressed plant growth was studied. The highest plant growth rate was in Se nanoparticle concentrations of 5 and 10 μg kg –1 . The eggplant growth on the soil with the Se nanoparticle addition at a concentration of 10 μg kg –1 of leaf plate surface area was twice compared to the eggplant growth in untreated soil. The same was for tomato plants. The leaf plate surface area of the cucumber plant grown using Se nanoparticles was 50% higher compared to the control option. The Biogeosystem technique methodology of 20–45 cm soil-layer intrasoil milling for soil multilevel aggregate system formation and intrasoil pulse continuous-discrete watering for soil water regime control was proposed for the Se nanoparticles for better function in the real soil, providing a synergy effect of soil mechanical processin...
Laser-assisted single-step generation of elongated Au NPs is reported. Laser-generated Au NPs have some fraction of spherical NPs and elongated NPs with aspect ratio of 6 -8. The behavior of these NPs in a permanent magnetic field up to 7 Tesla is experimentally studied using in-situ optical absorption spectrometry. It is found that magnetic field causes irreversible changes in the aspect ratio of elongated Au NPs. Residence in magnetic field for time of order of tens minutes is accompanied by further elongation of Au NPs and formation of Au nanowires with aspect ratios up to 17 -18. This is corroborated with TEM images of Au NPs before and after the action of magnetic field. The results are interpreted on the basis of interaction of external magnetic field with that of electrons that take part in longitudinal plasmon oscillations in elongated Au NPs.
Laser-assisted fragmentation is an efficient method of the nanoparticles size and morphology control. However, its exact mechanisms are still under consideration. One of the remaining problems is the plasma formation, inevitably occurring upon the high intensity laser irradiation. In this Letter, the role of the laser-induced plasma is studied via introduction of high-intensity external magnetic field (up to 7.5 T). Its presence is found to cause the plasma emission to start earlier regarding to a laser pulse, also increasing the plume luminosity. Under these conditions, the acceleration of nanoparticles fragmentation down to a few nanometers is observed. Laser-induced plasma interaction with magnetic field and consequent energy transfer from plasma to nanoparticles are discussed.
Ruby grains are synthesized by laser heating of the dry mixture of Al2O3 and Cr2O3 in air. Quasi-continuous radiation of a Nd:YAG laser was used for this purpose with an average power of 15 W. The synthesized ruby was characterized by x-ray diffractometry. Ruby grains demonstrate strong photo-luminescence in the vicinity of 700 nm. Ruby particles were further fragmented to smaller particles using the technique of laser fragmentation in liquids and integrated into a polymer matrix. A luminescence map acquired with the help of a photo-fluorimeter confirms efficient photo-conversion of green-blue radiation of the synthesized ruby into the red region.
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