Background: Avascular Necrosis / Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a debilitating condition affecting the hip joint and is one of the most common causes of total hip replacement. The available treatments include pharmacological and surgical options with Total hip arthroplasty (THA) being the mainstay of treatment. We here is studying a novel technique of combining micro core decompression with intra-lesional bisphosphonate as a treatment for osteonecrosis of the hip. Materials and Methods: A prospective study of 19 hips was done. There were 11 males and 4 females ranging 42 - 63 years. Four hips were stage I, ten hips were stage IIA, three hips were stage IIb and two hips were stage III. 16 hips (40%) had stage IIb and 24 hips (60%) had stage III ONFH. The minimum period of follow up was 24 months. All patients were assessed according to the Harris Hip Score (HHS). The operative procedure include decompressing the avascular area with drilling then injecting the zoledronic acid locally. Results: The mean preoperative modified Harris Hip Score in stage I (n=4), stage IIa (n=10), stage IIb (n=3) and Stage III (n=2) were 81.9, 72.7, 68.8 and 59.2 respectively. The mean postoperative modified Harris Hip Score at two years in stage I, stage IIa, stage IIb and Stage III were 97.3, 91.1, 88.4 and 82.5 respectively. Conclusion: We found that the use of micro core-decompression with intra-lesional bisphosphonate will provide higher chances towards hip preservation especially in late cases or cases with larger lesions where core decompression may not be successful.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Fractures of the femur are the most incapacitating fractures. The best treatment for children between five to sixteen years of age is still debated. The ESIN has the benefits of early immediate stability to the involved bone segment, permitting early mobilization and return to the normal activities of the patients, respect for the physes, minimal scarring with lower complications. The purpose of this study was to present this study results following fixation of femoral shaft fractures with titanium elastic nails between the age 5-16 years of age.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total 52 patients in the age group of 5-16 years with femoral shaft fractures were stabilized using flexible nailing. Clinical and radiological follow-up was for a minimum period of 24 months. The final results were analysed using Flynn’s criteria.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Mean age at surgery was 7.4 years (range 5.6-14.3 years). The average duration of surgery was 65.3 (45-95) minutes and the mean duration of hospital stay was 8 (5-14) days. Skin irritation due to nail ends was the most common complication followed by significant lengthening (n=6), infection (n=2), significant shortening (n=2), varus angulation (n=2) and delayed union (n=2). The final outcome was excellent in 65.4% cases, satisfactory in 30.8% cases and three patients had poor outcomes as per Flynn's scoring criteria.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In this study, ESIN showed good clinical and radiographic results in the age group 5 to 16 years, with minimal complications and high parent satisfaction consistent with previous studies but lesser number of mid adolescent age groups in the present study is a limitation.</p>

Intradural migration of extruded disc is a rare phenomenon. The multiple anatomical barriers including annulus fibrosus, posterior longitudinal ligament, and dural sheath which limit migration of the intervertebral disc material are breached when this happens. It usually happens in case of disc prolapse of prolonged duration. We here report a rare case of dorsal intradural migration of an extruded disc fragment. The report is to emphasize the importance of proper preoperative evaluation and high clinical suspicion needed for preoperative diagnosis of this entity and to plan the treatment accordingly.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Avascular necrosis (AVN)/osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a debilitating condition affecting the hip joint and is one of the most common causes of total hip replacement. The available treatments include pharmacological and surgical options with total hip arthroplasty (THA) being the mainstay of treatment. This present study is a novel technique of combining micro core decompression with intra-lesional bisphosphonate as a treatment for osteonecrosis of the hip.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective study of 19 hips was done. There were 11 males and 4 females ranging 42-63 years. Four hips were stage I, ten hips were stage IIA, three hips were stage IIb and two hips were stage III.  16 hips (40%) had stage IIb and 24 hips (60%) had stage III ONFH. The minimum period of follow up was 24 months. All patients were assessed according to the Harris hip score. The operative procedure includes decompressing the avascular area with drilling then injecting the zoledronic acid locally.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean preoperative modified Harris hip score in stage I (n=4), stage IIa (n=10), stage IIb (n=3) and stage III (n=2) were 81.9, 72.7, 68.8 and 59.2 respectively. The mean postoperative modified Harris hip score at two years in stage I, stage IIa, stage IIb and stage III were 97.3, 91.1, 88.4 and 82.5 respectively.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We found that the use of micro core-decompression with intra-lesional bisphosphonate will provide higher chances towards hip preservation especially in late cases or cases with larger lesions where core decompression may not be successful.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>