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Abstract. Limbongan YL, Driyunitha, Sjahril R, Riadi M, Jamaluddin I, Okasa AM, Panga NJ. 2021. Heritability and genetic advancement on agronomic characters of Toraja red rice x Inpari-4 white rice genotypes. Biodiversitas 22: 3446-3451. Determination of genetic diversity, heritability, and genetic advance on specific agronomic characters of cross-breed red rice genotypes (Toraja red rice Pare Lea’ x Inpari-4) was done in Tallunglipu, North Toraja, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The experiment was designed using a randomized complete block design. Twenty-one days old seedlings were transplanted following the system of rice intensification practices. Selection was conducted at F2 as a novel method to speed up genetic advancement and ensure progeny production with desired agronomic traits. Results indicated existence of a considerably high level of diversity among genotypes tested, where the highest value for genetic advance was observed in filled-grain weight per hill of F2 plants (983.890), followed by plant height (335.124), and filled-grain weight per hill of F1 (306.645). The highest estimate of broad-sense heritability was recorded in 1000-grain weight (0.915), number of productive tillers (0.788), plant height (0.765), flag leaf length (0.705), filled-grain weight per hill (0.688), and harvest age (0.594). Genetic advance of agronomic characters between genotypes varied from 1.631-38%, where the highest estimate was recorded in filled-grain weight per hill (38%) and plant height (24.648%). The above-mentioned characters could be used for selection in further rice breeding programs to obtain plants with superior genotypes.

A preliminary study was conducted to determine the ploidy level of Katokkon pepper after colchicine induction using flow cytometry analysis. Compared to squash method, flow cytometry analysis can provide effectively faster results of the ploidy levels of the cells. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Bioscience and Reproduction Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University Makassar. Polyploidy of the Katokkon pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) were induced by immersing the seeds in colchicine solution at concentrations of 0.00%, 0.0125%, 0.025%, 0.050% (w/v). For each concentration, an immersion time of 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 hours were employed, respectively. Ploidy level was analyzed using the flow cytometer machine (Partec® Cy-Flow Space). The resulting histogram of the analysis shows differences between control (0.00%) and the rest of Colchicine treatment. Based on the peak position on the histogram, the colchicine concentration and their various immersion time given did not produce tetraploid (4n) plants. Nevertheless, at 0.10% colchicine concentration with all immersion times, it was obtained mixoploid plants with 2n and 4n pairs of chromosomes.

Community health centers are the frontliners of healthcare services which in its activities produces medical waste and non-medical waste both in solid and liquid form. This waste needs to be managed in accordance with existing regulations where environmental management must be carried out systematically and sustainably. Regarding the management of Covid-19 medical waste in the health facilities of North Toraja Regency, this study aims to determine the management process, management constraints and compare the management of wastewater and hazardous and toxic solid medical waste generated from handling Covid-19 patients at hospitals and health centers in Toraja Regency. North. The research method used is descriptive research method with case study design. Data collection techniques are carried out by observations, interviews, and documentation of secondary data. The results show that the management of hazardous and toxic solid medical waste water and waste for Covid-19 patients in private hospitals leaves the processing to third parties and government hospitals destroy solid hazardous medical waste with incinerators, while at community health center the wastewater is directly discharged into water bodies and medical hazardous waste. handed over to a third party. The process of treating waste water and hazardous and toxic solid medical waste for Covid-19 patients at the health facilities of North Toraja Regency has not been in accordance with the guidelines issued by the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The main obstacle in processing solid medical waste water and hazardous waste for Covid-19 patients at the health facilities of North Toraja Regency is the lacking of operational costs and delays in disbursing operational costs. Government-owned hospitals were found to be slow to comply the Covid-19 Health Facilities Waste Management Guidelines issued by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.

This study was intended to obtain white rust (Puccinia horiana) disease resistance Chrysanthemum transformed with wasabi defensin gene through mediation of Agrobacterium tumefaciens from three explant sources, i.e., leaf, lateral shoot bud, and internode. Observations were made on transformation efficiency, PCR analysis, in vitro and ex vitro disease resistance tests. Results showed that efficiency of transgenic callus and shoot regeneration was found both highest from lateral shoot buds (57.5% and 50.0%, respectively). PCR analysis showed that three putative transgenic plantlets from lateral shoot buds and one from leaf explant were putative transgenic carrying the wasabi, hpt, and nptII genes. Rooting test showed that the highest number of rooted plants was found in treatment of hygromycin (Hg) 25 mg L-1 (81%) and lowest was in treatment combination of kanamycin (Km) 50 mg L-1 + Hg 25 mg L-1 (25%). In vitro disease resistance test with sorus inoculation of P. horiana, directly on the leaves, resulted in 20 resistant plants out of 30 putative transgenic plants (66.67%). Ex vitro testing on adult plants of the same samples in a confined closed greenhouse (CGH) resulted in average of 80% transgenic Chrysanthemum plants were resistant, whereas in control plants caused white rust disease symptom.