Objectives: Anti-diabetics have varying efficacy and safety profiles. This study aimed to better understand patient preferences for oral anti-diabetics by examining the relative importance (RI) of medication attributes that influence treatment selection among patients in the US with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MethOds: A web-based discrete choice experiment (DCE) was developed to assess the RI of 7 medication attributes (effectiveness, hypoglycemia, weight change, gastrointestinal/nausea side effects [SE], urinary tract infections [UTI]/genital infection SEs, blood pressure change, and cardiovascular risk). Participants were presented with 2 hypothetical medications composed of varying levels of each attribute and asked to select the preferred profile. Part-worth utility values, or preference weights, were calculated to provide information on the extent to which participants preferred one level of an attribute over another and used to derive RI values. RI values were calculated based upon the relative weight of each attribute in the sum of part-worth utility values, with higher values indicating greater importance. Results: A total of 809 invitations were sent; 54% responded. The final sample was composed of the first 200 eligible participants with self-reported T2DM (50% male, mean age 60.9 years). The RI values for the attributes in order of importance were effectiveness (25.9%), hypoglycemic events (21.5%), weight change (21.0%), gastrointestinal/ nausea SEs (14.1%), UTI/genital infection SEs (11.0%), blood pressure (3.7%), and cardiovascular risk (2.9%). Effectiveness, hypoglycemic events, and weight change comprised 68.4% of the RI. cOnclusiOns: Results suggest that effectiveness, hypoglycemic events, and weight change are the predominant influences on patients' medication decisions for T2DM. These results were consistent with findings from a DCE conducted in the United Kingdom (UK), which utilized a similar methodology and yielded similar RI results. The confluence of these findings highlights the importance of these attributes as drivers of medication decisions in patients with T2DM in the United States and UK.Objectives: To elicit preferences of injection-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for features of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) injections using a discrete-choice experiment; to test for effect of injection frequency on patient preferences. MethOds: Injection-naïve adults in the United States with self-reported physician diagnosis of T2DM completed a web-enabled, discrete-choice experiment (DCE). The survey presented patients with a series of 10 choice questions, each including a pair of hypothetical GLP-1RA injection profiles with equivalent efficacy and side effects. Each profile was defined by the following pre-determined attributes identified from patient interviews: frequency of injections (weekly, daily), injection device (multiple-use injection pen, singleuse injection pen, single-use vial and syringe), needle size (shorter and thinner, longer and thi...

OBJECTIVES: The increasing effectiveness of medical treatments for HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) has increased survival time of patients infected with the virus. Because of the high incidence of side effects and the burden of complex medication regimens, an increased emphasis has been placed on the assessment of health‐related quality of life (HRQL) in HIV patients. The purpose of this study is to review and compare instruments used for measuring HRQL in HIV patients. METHODS: Clinical trials involving HIV patients were identified through the use of MEDLINE and AIDSLINE. The HRQL instruments used in these trials included: 1) generic instruments such as the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Short‐Form (SF‐36), Sickness Impact Profile, Nottingham Health Profile; 2) utility‐based measures such as the Quality of Well‐Being Scale and the Q‐TWIST (Quality adjusted Time Without Symptoms of disease and Toxicity); and 3) disease‐specific instruments such as the Multidimensional Quality of Life questionnaire for HIV (MQoL‐HIV), Functional Assessment of HIV Infection (FAHI) scale, HIV/AIDS‐Targeted Quality of Life Instrument (HAT‐QoL), HIV Overview of Problem/Evaluation System (HOPES) instrument, HIV Patient Reported Status and Experience (HIV‐PARSE) scale, and the MOS‐HIV scale. Criteria for evaluating the instruments included: comprehensiveness, respondent burden, internal consistency of scales, test‐retest reliability, clinical validity, and responsiveness to change. RESULTS: No instrument was found to be completely devoid of ceiling effects. Although none of the instruments demonstrated perfect psychometric properties, overall, the MOS‐HIV instrument fared better than all its counterparts. The instrument has minimal respondent burden and has shown evidence of internal consistency, test‐retest reliability, validity, and is responsive to changes over time. The instrument has been widely used in clinical trials and has been translated into 14 other languages, and translated forms have been validated. CONCLUSIONS: The MOS‐HIV scale appears to be most optimal for HRQL measurement in clinical trials involving HIV patients.

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