Quantum field theories in space with the dimensionality 1 + 1 are considered . Quantum electrodynamics. quantum chromodynamics. sufficiently nonlinear models (with soliton solutions) and gravitational theory are discussed from the common viewpoint .The possible correspondence of two-dimensional field models to physical reality is analyzed .

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Results of the calculations of the interactions of metagalactic electrons with the relic radiation (the radiation is taken in the centimeter range) are given. The calculations have been made taking account of the expansion of the universe, space curvature, and X-ray absorption in the metagalaxy.