The influence of physical stress on the plasma concentration of the acute-phase proteins serum amyloid-A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp) was studied in 10 calves. Two different stress levels were created by housing two groups of five calves, each on different types of floor. The stress level was assessed by studying videotapes of the animals, and, subsequently, by quantifying the problems related with moving across the pens and the time the calves spent lying down and standing. Plasma concentrations of Hp, SAA, aldolase, and cortisol were measured in blood samples obtained by jugular venepuncture. Plasma SAA concentrations were significantly (p < 0.001) elevated in animals housed on the floor type associated with the highest level of physical stress, although the concentrations were within the normal range for healthy adult cattle. Hp concentrations were not elevated. The floor type did not alter the stress related biochemical variables aldolase and cortisol. It is concluded that plasma SAA concentrations rise upon physical stress, whereas Hp concentrations do not change. The absence of a significant difference in aldolase or cortisol concentrations indicates that the difference in the level of neuro-endocrine stress between the animals housed on the two floor types is only minimal. Consequently, SAA is suggested to be a sensitive variable to assess physical welfare in calves.

Fibrinolytic activity of the glomeruli was studied in rats of different age using the fibrin-slide technic. In normal rats glomerular fibrinolytic activity (GFA) was relatively low. After a single injection of liquoid (sodium polyanethol sulfonate), a pronounced increase of GFA was evident. The superficial nephrons had a significantly higher GFA than the juxtamedullary nephrons. Compared with rats 2 months of age, rats 2 weeks of age showed a greater GFA in all the glomeruli.