it has been proven that in the dose of 100 mg/kg it has the high antidepressant activity in tail suspension test (TST) and prevents scopolamine-induced amnesia development in passive avoidance test (PAT). The present post-screening study was carried out with the purpose of dose-dependency detalization using the doses of 5, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg in TST and PAT after scopolamine-induced amnesia. The comparison of experimental results of screening and post-screening studies has allowed revealing relationships between the activity and the amount of the substance introduced in a wide range of doses. According to the results of TST in both studies it has been concluded that the only dose of 2-methyl-3-(phenylaminomethyl)-1H-quinolin-4-one, which provides a considerable antidepressant activity, is 100 mg/kg. The comparison of PAT results in screening and post-screening studies has been shown that in almost all doses studied, except 5 mg/kg, 2-methyl-3-(phenylaminomethyl)-1H-quinolin-4-one significantly attenuate the amnesic effect of scopolamine. Therefore, the effective dose of 2-methyl-3-(phenylaminomethyl)-1H-quinolin-4-one for in-depth studies is 100 mg/kg with both activities (antidepressant and anti-amnesic) at their maximum.
The present work reports the behavioural study of the effects on the serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitter systems of 2-methyl-3-(phenylaminomethyl)-1H-quinolin-4-one (atristamine), a novel promising substance that exhibits excellent antidepressant effect combining with additional valuable neurotropic properties. The results indicate that the acute administration of atristamine increases the responsiveness of the adrenergic system. It has been proven by enhancement of clonidine-induced aggressive behaviour and attenuation of clonidine-induced depression in mice. It has been shown that atristamine attenuates haloperidol-induced catalepsy in mice, but this effect does not associate with MAO and COMT inhibition. A mild modulating effect of atristamine on the serotonin neurotransmitter system was discovered using 5-HTP induced head-twitch response in mice. It has been concluded that the antidepressant effect of atristamine may be explained predominantly by its complicated influence on the serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitter systems. RezumatLucrarea de față prezintă studiul comportamental al efectelor asupra sistemelor de neurotransmițători serotonină, dopamină și norepinefrină ale 2-metil-3-(fenilaminometil) -1H-chinolin-4-onă (atristamina), o substanță promițătoare care prezintă un efect antidepresiv pronunțat, alături de alte proprietăți neurotropice. Rezultatele indică faptul că administrarea acută a atristaminei mărește capacitatea de reacție a sistemului adrenergic. Aceasta a fost dovedită prin creșterea comportamentului agresiv și atenuarea depresiei induse de clonidină la șoareci. S-a demonstrat că atristamina atenuează catalepsia indusă de haloperidol, dar acest efect nu se asociază cu inhibarea MAO și COMT. Un efect modulator al atristaminei asupra sistemului serotoninergic a fost demonstrat utilizând un model experimental cu 5-HTP. S-a concluzionat că efectul antidepresiv al atristaminei poate fi explicat prin efectul său asupra serotoninei, dopaminei și norepinefrinei.
The article presents the study of psycho- and neurotropic properties of novel 3-(N-R,R'-aminomethyl)-2-methyl-1H-quinolin-4-ones . The research was carried out using the open field test, elevated plus maze, rotarod test, tail suspension test, passive avoidance test after scopolamine-induced amnesia and acute normobaric hypoxia with hypercapnia. As a result, two promising substances have been found. According to our results 3-[[(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]methyl]-2-methyl-1H-quinolin-4-one in the dose of 10 mg/kg shows a specific sedative effect and a considerable anti-amnesic activity. The most interesting N-[(2-methyl-4-oxo-1H-quinolin-3-yl)methyl]-N-phenylbenzamide (100 mg/kg) combines a potent anti-anxiety action, the anti-amnesic activity and a considerable antihypoxic effect. They are of interest for further profound studies as promising psychoactive compounds.
The object of the present study, 2-methyl-3-(phenylaminomethyl)-1H-quinolin-4-one (Atristamine), has been deeply studied as a promising antidepressant with the unique spectrum of additional neuropharmacological properties. Previously, the memory-enhancing effects of Atristamine have already been studied in the passive-avoidance test after scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. Thus, the study of the effects of Atristamine on the spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze under physiological conditions was the next logical step of our research.According to the results obtained, Atristamine (100 mg/kg) has almost the same effect on the main markers of the memory-enhancing activity (the escape latency and distance moved) as Piracetam (300 mg/kg) and Phenibut (20 mg/kg) chosen as the well-studied and widely-used memory enhancers. The escape latency decreased in the Atristamine group by 3.2 times compared to the vehicle control group, whereas Piracetam and Phenibut caused a significant reduction of this indicator by 4.3 and 3.7 times, respectively. Moreover, the rats from the Atristamine group swam 5.1 times shorter distance to the platform in the probe trial compared to animals from the vehicle control group. The distance moved was 3-fold shorter in the Piracetam group and decreased by 5.2 times in the Phenibut group.All drugs used in this study caused considerable changes of inter-quadrant preferences of animals. Based on the analysis of the inter-quadrant behaviour of rats, it has been found that there are considerable differences in search strategies associated, probably, with distinct mechanisms of the memory and learning enhancing action of the drugs used.Keywords 2-methyl-3-(phenylaminomethyl)-1H-quinolin-4-one, Atristamine, the Morris water maze, the memory enhancing effect
Вступ. Об’єктом представленого дослідження є атристамін (2-метил-3-(феніламінометил)-1Н-хінолін-4-он), який вивчають як перспективний антидепресант із церебропротекторними, ноотропними, аналгетичними, антигіпоксичними та актопротекторними властивостями. Обов’язковою умовою подальшого впровадження його як кандидата в ліки є дослідження фармакокінетичних характеристик молекули. Це неможливо здійснити без цілісного розуміння процесів біотрансформації, яким піддається досліджувана сполука в організмі людини. Мета дослідження – провести in silico дослідження можливих шляхів метаболізму перспективного антидепресанта атристаміну за допомогою онлайн-ресурсів, що перебувають у вільному доступі. Методи дослідження. З метою in silico дослідження можливих напрямків біотрансформації атристаміну в організмі людини використовували он-лайн такі веб-сервіси: “Xenosite P450 Metabolism 1.0”; “Xenosite UGT 2.0”; “Way2Drug SOMP” та “Way2Drug RA”. З огляду на те, що структурною особливістю хінолін-4(1Н)-онів є можливість існування прототропної таутомерії в гетероциклі, обчислення проводили для обох теоретично можливих таутомерних форм молекули атристаміну – 2-метил-3-(феніламінометил)-1Н-хінолін-4-ону та 4-гідрокси-2-метил-3-(феніламінометил)-хіноліну. Результати й обговорення. Наявність вторинної аміногрупи в молекулі 2-метил-3-(феніламінометил)-1Н-хінолін-4-ону і 4-гідроксигрупи в молекулі іншого таутомера (4-гідрокси-2-метил-3-(феніламінометил)-хіноліну) зумовлює високу ймовірність глюкуронування з утворенням, відповідно, N- та О-глюкуронідів. Для 2-метил-3-(феніламінометил)-1Н-хінолін-4-ону як більш стійкої форми показано, що основними шляхами метаболізму можуть бути ароматичне гідроксилювання, аліфатичне гідроксилювання, окиснювальне дезамінування, N-гідроксилювання та епоксидування. Найбільшої уваги заслуговує напрямок аліфатичного гідроксилювання, оскільки, на відміну від усіх інших шляхів, у результаті цього прогнозується утворення генерації метаболітів з новими фармакологічними властивостями (похідні кінуренової кислоти). Висновок. Результати in silico дослідження можливих шляхів метаболізму атристаміну в організмі людини свідчать на користь того факту, що досліджувана сполука з високою ймовірністю інтенсивно метаболізується з участю ензимних систем цитохрому P450, що обов’язково необхідно врахувати в подальшому при плануванні експериментів in vivo.
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