As compared with the prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in large studies, involving teenagers and children, an alarming percentage (45.5%) of the adolescents in our study were HT or PHT. Higher pSBP and cSBP were associated with narrower retinal arterioles but not with changes of arterial elasticity. With particular regard to CRAE, the PHT group was more closely related to the HT group than to the NT group. There were no differences among the NT, PHT, and HT groups in the results of the CPT.

ZusammenfassungDialysepatienten leiden oft unter Malnutrition und einem Mangel an Mikronährstoffen. Eine der Ursachen scheint die Elimination wasserlöslicher Vitamine während der Dialyse zu sein. Häufig kommt dabei eine Mangel an Vitamin C, Folsäure und Vitamin B6 vor. Die Spurenelemente, die am häufigstsen niedrig sind, sind Eisen, Zink und Selen. Defizite dieser Substanzen führen meist zu subtilen, unspezifischen Störungen. Durch den Mangel an Antioxidantien könnte die atherosklerotische Herzkrankheit begünstigt werden. In der Übersicht werden die aktuellen Empfehlungen zur Substitution von Vitaminen und Spurenelementen aufgeführt. SchlüsselwörterVitamine · Spurenelemente · Dialyse · Malnutrition · Mangelerscheinungen Vitamins and trace elements · Substitution for dialysis patients AbstractPatients on maintenance dialysis may suffer from micronutrient deficiencies and malnutrition, especially due to the elimination of water-soluble vitamins during dialysis. Vitamins which may be low in these patients include vitamin C, folate, and vitamin B6. Common trace element deficiencies comprise iron, zinc, and selenium. These deficits may cause subtle and nonspecific manifestations. Inadequate levels of antioxidants also may lead to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We review the requirements for vitamins and trace element supplements.

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