No abstract

No abstract

European olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the oldest cultivated plants on Earth. In addition to the nutritional value of the fruit, medications made from different parts of the olive are of great importance cause they exhibit a wide range of pharmacological action. The main objective of the present study was a comparative analysis of the content of phenolic compounds in the leaves and fruits of varieties and subspecies of European olives growing in the climatic conditions of the Southern Coast of Crimea. Total phenolics and flavonoids were determined spectrophotometrically. HPLC with diode-array detection was applied to determine individual components. As a result of the comparative study of the phenolic compounds of leaves and fruits in four varieties and one subspecies of olives it was found that total phenolics in the leaves of olives are in the range of 740–980 mg/100 g (on a wet weight basis) and total phenolics in fruits are in the range of 840–1260 mg/100 g (on a wet weight basis). Flavonoids content in the leaves is in the range of 190–312 mg/100 g and in the range of 59–990 mg/100 g in the fruits. Luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, rutin and oleuropein were identified among the phenolics of leaves and fruits. It was found that the oleuropein was a majour component either in leaves or in fruits of four varieties of olives but rutin was a majour component in the fruits of the O. europaea subsp. cuspidata subspecies. The content of flavonoids and oleuropein in the leaves and fruits of the most frost-resistant variety Nikitskaya turned out to be the lowest among all the studied samples. It may be related to the participation of these substances during preparation of the variety to the effects of below-freezing temperatures. It has been shown that the content of phenolic compounds in leaves and fruits of O. europaea depends on the variety and agroclimatic growing conditions.

There were conducted the studies of the water regime of the leaves of 6 apricot cultivars of various origin in connection with the ability to adapt to moisture deficit during the periods of the greatest summer drought manifestation on the Southern Coast of the Crimea. The genotypes with the highest adaptive potential under conditions of hydrothermal stress were identified (possessing the best water-holding characteristics combined with a high degree of repair after critical dehydration) - 'Nagycorosi Orias', 'Kazachok', 'Professor Smykov'. 'Hurmai' cultivar demonstrates labile resistance. 'Crimskiy Amur' and 'Alupkinskiy' display instability of water regime indicators as well as a relatively low ability to tolerate extremely high temperatures and lack of moisture.

Studies results of drought resistance degree of 4 Ficus carica varieties and 4 Prunus armeniaca varieties are presented. It was established that genotypes of ‘Sary Stambulskiy’ and ‘Sabrucia Rozovaya’ (F. carica), ‘Kazachok’ and ‘Professor Smykov’ (P. armeniaca) are characterized by a high level of adaptation to inadequate water supply. Their leaves show an increased ability to retain moisture in the wilting process and the ability to carry out the fullest possible tissue reparation after critical water loss. The relationship between peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity, as well as the concentration of proline with the implementation of protective mechanisms against the negative influence of dehydration was revealed. Characteristics of primary photosynthesis processes in water stress conditions were given. It was found that in F. carica varieties, the rapid fluorescence phase parameters are the most sensitive to dehydration. In P. armeniaca varieties, water stress causes an increase in basic fluorescence and decrease in variable.